TCP/IP model
- every interface into a network needs a unique identifier - the TCP/IP Model uses the ip address for this - the ip model has 4 layers: - application - transport - internet layer determines the path of packets from source to host - network access - ip addresses are 32 bit address in v4 - there are 5 classes of ipv4, A to E - class E is reserved and not used for communication - class A B and C are used for communication only - subnet mask is used to specify which bits of the ip address are used for the network bits - network bits are all 1s up to the next . - in decimal seen as 255. - the broadcast address has all the network bits and all 1s in place of the host bits - network address is the network bits and 0s in place of the host bits - subnetting is the process of splitting a network into smaller networks - there are 2^n -2 usable subnets where n is number of host bits when not subnetting - if subnetting =2^m -2 - thus number of usable hosts per subnet = 2^n-m -2 -