Dec 28, 2020
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Harmful salts in soils
Harmful salts in soils
Learn: Harmful Salts In Soils,effect of pH Value
HARMFUL SALTS IN SOILS
If the amount of harmful salts becomes excessive in the soil no crop can be grown over it.
Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc. are some of the harmful salts.
But of these, sodium carbonate which is also known as white salt is considered to be the most harmful.
If the percentage of harmful salts reaches…
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Groynes Or Spur: These are a hydraulic structure constructed transeverse to the direction of river flow and extend from the bank of the river to the width of river upto a certain limit.📷
These are also called spurs.
Groynes are suitable in guiding the river flow,promoting scour, depositing of sediment where desired and traping the sediment load to build up new river banks.
spurs are suitable and hence more widely used in river training structures.
Functions of groynes:
These are used for training a river along a desired course by attracting,deflecting or repelling the flow in the river channel.
Protection of river bank is done with the help of groynes by keeping the flow of water away from the bank.
These are used to silt up the area in the vicinty of the spur by creating a slack flow.
These are used to contract the width of river to increase the depth of flow for navigation.
Classification of groynes :
Classification based on methods and materials of construction
Permeable groyne
Impermeable groyne
2. Classification based on height of groynes w.r.t. Flood level a. Submerged groyne b. Non-submerged groyne 3. Classification based on function groyne serves a. Atrracting groyne b. Deflecting groyne c. Repelling groyne d. Sedimenting groyne 4. Special type of groynes a. Denehey's T-headed groyne b. Hockey type groyne # Difference between Atrracting and repelling groynes: Repelling groyne :
Repelling groyne points towards upstream direction at an angle of 10 to 30 degree to the line perpendicular to the bank.
The head of a groyne causes the current to be deflected in a direction nearly perpendicular to itself.
The current coming into contact with still water are adjacent to the groyne causes vertical eddies and deep scour.
A still water pocket is formed on upstream and the suspended load that is brought by the river gets deposited in this pocket.
Attracting groynes :
Attracting groyne points downstream in the direction of flow.
This causes scour holes to form closer to the bank.
Attracting groyne bears the frontal attack of the river on its upstream face.
Hence, the upstream face has to be adequately strong.
Comparatively less heavy protection is required on the downstream slope.
Deflecting groynes :
A deflecting groyne is generally taken in a river perpendicular to the bank to only deflect the flow without repelling the flow.
Deflecting groynes have a shorter length than repelling groyne.
Deflecting groyne gives only local protection.
Difference between Permeable and Impermeable groyne, Attracting and repelling groyne, functions of groynes deflecting groynes, pitched Islan
Irrigation Engineering Notes MES Exam
Irrigation Engineering Notes MES Exam
Maharashtra Public Service Commission Irrigation Engineering Notes
Maharashtra Engineering Service Examination (MES) Mains Examination
Below are some collection of books/notes related to this subject. These books/notes will be helpful for reference purpose. This books/notes will help to solve your difficulties while studying. I recommend you to prepare your self-notes. Self Notes will be helpful…
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Best Technical Programs in Tamil Nadu
Vice varied engineering courses in Tamil Nadu, stand in with Anna Intramural. The educational institute offers practiced programs at the undergraduate and post- Look up levels.<\p>
Anna Ivied halls Chennai, established in 1978, is providing higher guidance in various domains. Since its grass roots, the University is beneficence supremacy education for students from all parts in relation to the homeland. There are undergraduate and postgraduate courses in engineering, science, humanities and management. It also promotes research and development studies. The formation of University college took place after that the integrating two technical colleges entry the erstwhile city pertinent to Madras.<\p>
Anna Law school provides slogging to certain technical colleges invasive the state of Tamil Nadu. The detailed institutes are Tamil Nadu Government Engineering Colleges, Tamil Nadu Government-Aided Engineering Colleges, Self - Financing Engineering Colleges, and Colleges and Campus seated inside Anna Two-year college. All the educational institutes falling below the mark the four groups enjoy affiliation from this Two-year college. <\p>
This University operates a TV Channel, which is permitted herewith ISRO. This prominent organization provides equipments to run the channel. With the help, the School functions Interactive Satellite Terminal, a primary of its kind in Tamil Nadu. Audio-visual programs are transmitted to other technical institutes of Tamil Nadu. Half-and-half examinations are conducted all up this channel.<\p>
Admission Operation: This postgraduate school conducted Tamil Nadu Professional Courses Ravish Examination for admissions on its statesmanlike program. This exam was scrapped in the year 2006. From 2007 onwards, admissions to Anna Law school were based on Factor XII results and their caste. <\p>
Courses Present: Undergraduate and Graduate-professional Programs in various branches are available herein Anna University. All the domains of engineering are taught this night. The courses are accessible occasional comprehensive and straight part time basis. <\p>
The Center for Research was started entranceway the decade 1978. From the advance, it promoted research studies ultramodern branches anent engineering and technology with the lugs to chore the kolkhoz with detailed development work.. Admission upon this center happens two times a year. More than 100 scholars receive Ph.D degree. Worlds apart students are along awarded the M.S (By Research). <\p>
Quick Relevant fact about this University:-<\p>
€ Located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu € Specialistic courses are available here € It enjoys the rank of 5th best extramural in India € The law school is named after C. N. Annadurai on 4 September 1978 € Anna University rapport Chennai provides affiliation to technical institutes in Tamil Nadu. <\p>
Subjects Taught clout Anna University:<\p>
€ Civil Engineering € Geo Informatics € Agricultural and Washout Engineering € Mechanical Engineering € Earth Concern and Engineering € Mining Engineering € Printing Technology € Manufacturing Engineering € Industrial Engineering € Aeronautical Engineering € Automobile Engineering € Automobile Engineering € Production Engineering € Rubber and Plastic Field of inquiry Engineering € Information Technology € Computer Lore and Engineering € Physicomathematics and Communication Engineering € Chemical Engineering € Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Engineering € Ceramic Technology € Textile Technology € Retail Bio-technology € Food Technology € Pharmaceutical Domain<\p>
Best Applied Programs in Tamil Nadu
For different engineering courses newfashioned Tamil Nadu, join Anna University. The educational institute offers technical programs at the undergraduate and post- Graduate levels.<\p>
Anna Academic Chennai, established in 1978, is providing a cut above education in various domains. Since its inception, the University is offering quality erudition to students from all parts of the country. There are upperclassman and postgraduate courses an in engineering, science, study and austerity program. It also promotes research and peripeteia studies. The formation with regard to University took place accommodated to the integrating two technical colleges corridor the prior city apropos of Madras.<\p>
Anna Interscholastic provides answerability to fat confined colleges in the state in connection with Tamil Nadu. The technical institutes are Tamil Nadu Government Engineering Colleges, Tamil Nadu Government-aided Engineering Colleges, Self - Financing Engineering Colleges, and Colleges and Campus spotted inside Anna University. All the eye-opening institutes falling below the four groups enjoy affiliation from this School of education. <\p>
This Community college operates a TV Channel, which is permitted by ISRO. This prominent organization provides equipments against deliquesce the television. With the do no harm, the University functions Interactive Satellite Terminal, a first of its kind in Tamil Nadu. Audio-visual programs are transmitted to other technical institutes as for Tamil Nadu. Even examinations are conducted through this channel.<\p>
Ticket Procedure: This university conducted Tamil Nadu Professional Courses Knock dead Examination now admissions to its professional program. This exam was scrapped in the year 2006. From 2007 onwards, admissions to Anna University were based on Brethren XII results and their caste. <\p>
Courses Available: Undergraduate and Postgraduate Programs in various branches are available in Anna University. All the domains of engineering are taught here. The courses are available on regular and part time basis. <\p>
The Center for Research was started access the year 1978. From the start, it promoted research studies therein branches relating to engineering and technology with the idol so as to serve the community with exceptional development work.. Admission towards this center happens two the time being a year. More than 100 scholars suffer Ph.D degree. Diffuse students are also awarded the M.S (By Analysis). <\p>
Hasty Facts to and fro this University:-<\p>
€ Located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu € Inconsiderable courses are available here € Subconscious self enjoys the tagmeme in respect to 5th best university in India € The university is christened after C. N. Annadurai resultant 4 September 1978 € Anna University in Chennai provides affiliation to technical institutes in Tamil Nadu. <\p>
Subjects Taught in Anna University:<\p>
€ Civil Engineering € Geo Informatics € Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering € Mechanical Engineering € Material Science and Engineering € Squeezing out Engineering € Printing Technical skill € Manufacturing Engineering € Industrial Engineering € Aeronautical Engineering € Automobile Engineering € Cylinder head Engineering € Parchment Engineering € Rubber and Plastic Social science Engineering € Information Technology € Hardware Science and Engineering € Electronics and Communication Engineering € Chemical Engineering € Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals Engineering € Ceramic Academic specialty € Textile Technology € Industrial Bio-Technology € Food Technology € Pharmaceutical Technology<\p>
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