"In Tevinter is there a combat magic type of class or something similar?"
This is a really interesting question, actually. Given how much of Tevinter upper-class society revolves around jockeying for personal power, I’d think that there is unlikely to be a formalized, very distinct and discrete specialty, really, as we see in some other societies. Oh, some might still specialize to a degree simply because that’s where their talents or interests lie, like Dorian specialized in necromancy, but it’s not quite so separate as it would be in the south in which only a select group are taught those particular skills.
But that’s not because magic is never used as a weapon in Tevinter, but because it often is. Basically, everyone would be taught offensive and defensive magic as a matter of course, and also how to use the staff itself as a weapon at need, and likely knives and smaller weapons also.
We know from the canon that Minrathous boasts a dwarven-built and dwarven-inspired Proving Ground arena. Tevinter being Tevinter, there are gladiatorial contests fought there for entertainment -- mostly by slaves and prisoners, of course.
However, we also know that mages fairly commonly fight duels (Dorian himself fought his first, and won, thank you very much, when he was only nine years old, according to WoT2!) And since the origin of the Provings in dwarven culture was in fact as a way to settle disputes, matters of honor, etc, I’d think that some not insignificant number of the Provings in Minrathous are actually official, legally-binding duels between mages. (And that there are also quite a lot of unofficial, unsanctioned duels going on in rather more private venues, also.)
They need to know how to fight with magic, for a variety of reasons related to cultural tradition and sheer motivated self-interest, and so, yes, there are classes taught in the Circles and by private tutors, etc. It can be, quite literally, a matter of life or death, after all.
