Martin Behaim - Scientist of the Day
Martin Behaim, a German explorer, died July 29, 1507, his age unknown. He is remembered primarily for a globe that he was commissioned to make in 1492, known as the Behaim globe (or, in Germany, Behaims Erdapfel--Behaim's 'earth-apple'). This is the oldest surviving terrestrial globe in the world; it depicts the earth as Columbus would have perceived it (although Columbus had left on his first voyage before the globe was finished), and it explains why Columbus thought he would be successful in reaching the East by sailing west.
On the Behaim globe, Europe and Asia are greatly stretched out, extending more than halfway around the earth, and the ocean in between (just the Atlantic--the Pacific hadn't been discovered yet) is populated with hundreds of islands, as described by Marco Polo, including giant Cipangu, or Japan. On the globe, Japan is no more than 3000 miles west of the Canary Islands, the perfect destination for a short jaunt across the Atlantic. You can see this best on a transcription of the globe that was printed in 1730 (see second image above).
The Behaim globe is one of the treasures of the German National Museum in Nuremberg, where it was the focus for an elaborate exhibition in 1992 (the Library owns the two-volume lavishly illustrated exhibition catalog). We also own a two-dimensional full-size facsimile of the surface of the globe, which is in full color, even though it was printed back in 1908; this is in the History of Science Collection. You can see a sheet with several of the map gores above. The original Behaim globe was recently loaned to Vienna, where it was the subject of an elaborate digitization project.
Dr. William B. Ashworth, Jr., Consultant for the History of Science, Linda Hall Library and Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Missouri-Kansas City