Hello! So I plan on writing something for a story, and I needed to ask something about catholicism. Around the 1580's, what did the church do to gay people? Thank you for your time!
It’s no problem! Well the important thing is what nation is your story set in, since the state could charge you for homosexual acts too. Like in England with the buggery act of 1533. Another thing to note, are you writing about two men and two women? More attention was paid to men since among many, it was thought that sexual activity between women wasn’t sex unless a dildo or some penis like object was used, and the two offenses did have different punishments at times.
Now officially homosexual acts were condemned, however at the same time the word “Sodomy” not only meant that but also meant sexual activities that weren’t penis and vagina contact, to put it bluntly or “procreative” So yes anal and oral sex among hetero couples too.
Also because homosexual acts were condemned doesn't’ mean people didn’t do anything or that things contrary to the official records didn’t happen. Here’s a quick list of some LGBT people in the 1500′s for example, some were more open than others and some have more evidence than others imo.
In earlier years homosexuality was seen as any other sin, but going along to the time you’re writing about things did get harsher if one was caught or accused. More severe punishments included burning (tho that’s not where the slur “faggot” comes from), exile, torture, castration or some combination of various lethal punishments, but less severe punishments included fines, prison, or house arrest. All the less severe ones for example were inflicted upon Benvenuto Cellini in the 1500′s around the time period you’re writing for. Charges could be made secretly, and you also had to be tried for it and it had to be proved, though you could also be pardoned as well if you got lucky. Rulers I’ve noticed tended to be accused but not be punished or have consequences on their actions other than rumors and social stigma, which admittedly could be damaging to a king. Also in certain eras like in part of 1400′s and 1500′s Italy homosexuality was punishable by death but was hard to prove and was so widespread that a german term for a gay person was to call them a florentine lol.
So you have a few choices in what you’re writing for, you could go for a severe punishment, a lesser one, you could have the accusations dismissed or pardoned. You could have them in a position where they’re totally closeted or it’s kind of obvious but no one really does anything about it for various reasons, or it’s obvious and someone does do something about it. You could also have whoever you’re writing about worry about or deal with state punishment too/instead depending on what you’re going for.
Here’s also a good nonwiki source about sexual views and attitudes during this era as well which can be hard to find online. Here too tho it talks about eras beforehand too.