The primary goal of capitalist production is the valorization of capital above anything else. Capitalism is driven by the insatiable desire for profit-making and constantly increases the productive capacity. In contrast, in pre-capitalist societies production was conducted for the sake of satisfying concrete needs, and correspondingly the aim of production was use-values tied to the fulfilment of finite wants.
With the domination of this logic of capital for the sake of maximal valorization and the limitless expansion of capital, historically specific second-order mediation emerges by developing the world market, technologies, transportation and credit system, and artificial appetites. Capital wholly transforms and reorganizes the entire world as Mészáros argues:
Every one of the primary forms [of metabolism between humans and nature] is altered almost beyond recognition, so as to suit the self-expansionary needs of a fetishistic and alienating system of social metabolic control which must subordinate absolutely everything to the imperative of capital-accumulation.
Since there is no absolute limit in this process, capital is ‘totalizing’, continuously expanding and subordinating all aspects of the productive functions of both humans and nature to the imperative of capital accumulation.
Kohei Saito, Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism












