#microhydro

[blindingidolcataclysm]

The Small Hydropower Market is expanding, driven by the push for renewable energy, sustainable power solutions, and efficient, local energy

[aesathena]

Microhydro power plant

A hydro scheme requires two things, namely the water discharge and the height of the fall (commonly called the 'Head') to produce useful power. It is a power conversion system, absorbs power from the form of height and flow, and transmits power in the form of electric power or mechanical grip power. No power conversion system can send as much as absorbed minus some of the power dissipated by the system itself in the form of friction, heat, sound and so on. Picture. Head is the vertical height at which water falls. The conversion equation is: Input power = Output power + Loss or Output power = Input power × Conversion efficiency

Microhydro Works

The equations above are usually used to describe small differences. The incoming power, or the total power absorbed by the hydro scheme, is gross power, Pgross. The power that the benefits are delivered is clean power, Pnet. All the efficiencies of the schematic above are called Eo. Pnet = Pgross × Eo kW

Gross power is gross head (Hgross) multiplied by water discharge (Q) and also multiplied by a factor (g = 9.8), so the basic equation for power generation is:

Pnet = g × Hgross × Q × Eo kW (g = 9.8)

where the head is in meters, and the water debit is in cubic meters per second (second (s)). And Eo is divided as follows.

Eo = Civil construction × Epenstock × Eturbin × Egenerator × Control system × E-grid × Etrafo

Typically

Civil construction: 1.0 - (line length × 0.002 ~ 0.005) / Hgross

Epenstock>: 0.90 ~ 0.95 (depending on length)

Eturbine: 0.70 ~ 0.85 (depending on turbine type)

Egenerator: 0.80 ~ 0.95 (depending on generator capacity)

Control system >: 0.97

Grid: 0.90 ~ 0.98 (depending on the length of the grid)

Etrafo: 0.98

Civil and Epenstock constructs are what are usually calculated as' Head Loss (Hloss). In this case, the above equation is changed to the following equation.

Pnet = g × (Hgross-Hloss) × Q × (Eo - Civil construction - Epenstock) kW

This simple equation must be remembered: it is at the heart of all power plant job design. It is important to use the correct units.

[magnusdasflores-blog]

As the winter rains disappear, the stream that feeds my hydroelectric turbine loses volume. Now I must install smaller diameter jets to limit the water flow, also limiting the amount of power generated. It is time to complete the solar array installation. #offgrid #microhydro #hydroelectric #powerspout #selfsufficient #ilhadasflores (at Ilha das Flores (Açores))

[magnusdasflores-blog]

The #pelton wheel on my #powerspout #microhydro #turbine is holding up very well after 5 years of continuous use. #offgrid #selfsufficient #permaculture (at Isla de Flores (Azores))

[minihydroturbine-blog-blog]

MICRO HYDRO: SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDIES IN SRI LANKA 1 The Sample There are approximately 130 MHP plants currently in operation in Sri Lanka. Most are… - Jack Chen - Google+

[minihydroturbine-blog-blog]

Micro hydro system, for further information: www.newerasdevelop.com

[energy-power-blog]

Alternate Energy Philippines: MicroHydro Power

The Philippine Daily Inquirier has a number of special reports on the country's "preventable crisis" of energy supply including this one on the use of micro-hydro electricity. While there is talk of a coming energy crisis in some areas of the Philippines, including Mindanao and the Visayas, in the remote communities in the Cordilleras, microhydroelectricity is being put to use. Microhydro power plants (those with 7.5 to 35 kW capacity) don't need big, controversial dams to operate. In fact, a small spring in Barangay Buneg, Conner town, Apayao province and in Barangay Lon-oy, San Gabriel town, La Union province - has enough power to run a generator for household electricity. Hardly accessible, Buneg and Lon-oy are among 10,000 villages not covered by the National Power Corp. (Napocor) grid. Under the Philippine Energy Plan, Buneg and Lon-oy are among the villages due to be electrified 2010. But this is only on paper. Remote communities and non-government and Church organizations advocating micro-hydro power say they cannot wait for the government to bring electricity to them. So, on their own, representatives of the 300 Mabaka people of Buneg got in touch with the Catholic Church and the Sibol ng Agham at Teknolohiya, or Sibat, a Metro Manila-based non-government organization helping install environment-friendly and community-run alternative energy facilities. From 1996 to 2002, the Mabaka folk had provided labor and Sibat, through its engineer, the project supervision. Sibat also sourced funds from the United Nations Development Programme. Inaugurated in January 2003, the Buneg 7.5-kW micro-hydro power plant has since been providing electricity to 36 families. Under bright fluorescent lamps, children can now study their lessons and read books while Rosalina Dangli, the community's lone public teacher, can prepare her lesson plans. Before he calls it a day, Mabaka elder Andanan Agagen weaves rattan baskets at night, which he sells to lowland folk in Conner town. Courtesy of the Episcopal Church of the Philippines and the community, a 15-kW micro-hydro power facility in Lon-oy has not only lit up the 130 houses of 1,000 upland farming folk. The facility has also enabled many families to make brooms for sale, even at night. And now that the electricity is flowing, the women have embarked on money-earning ventures such as processing ginger into salabat or ginger tea powder. Other privately initiated micro-hydro power plants are starting a quiet industrial revolution in areas inaccessible to national power company. A 5-kW micro-hydro power project built in 1993 in the sub-village of Ngibat in Tinglayan town, Kalinga province, powers a blacksmith shop, which manufactures simple farm tools such as trowels, hoes, bolos and machetes for the 30 families in the community. It also operates a community rice mill and a vulcanizing shop. A 30-kW micro-hydro power facility in Tulgao village, also in Tinglayan, built in 1999 also with the help of Sibat, now runs a rice mill and a sugarcane presser, which is twice faster than the carabao-drawn dapilan (wooden presser). The Cordillera's various springs and tributaries offer great potential for small water-powered electricity generators. Philippine Daily Inquiry special reports on the country's "preventable crisis"

[energy-power-blog]

Alternative Energy Vietnam: Pico Hydro - Small Scale Hydro-Electric Energy

Hanoi, the booming capital of Vietnam, according to the BBC epitomises the country's Asian tiger status. But while the standard of living in the cities has risen dramatically over the last few decades, in the countryside it is a different story. The mountainous Da Bac province, outside Hanoi, is home to the Muong indigenous ethnic group. Many are rice farmers and few can afford the electricity from the new pylons that line the valleys. Instead, they are turning to a low-priced alternative. Pico Hydro is a small-scale version of conventional hydro-electric power generation. The streams at the bottom of the valleys are powering a low-tech grid for the people of Da Bac. Pico Hydro units need only a constant water supply and a slope with a one-metre drop. This produces a flow rate that can drive a turbine fast enough to generate electricity, providing houses with a direct power supply. In some villages nearly every household has one. Imported 300-watt turbines cost about US$20, and have proved to be the most popular. "Using Pico Hydro is really easy. There aren't any difficulties. It's actually more difficult to use the high voltage grid - it's much more expensive for us," says Ban Van Giang who lives in Da Bac. "With better lighting, my wife can work and walk in the house easier, and my children can have better light to do their homework." Vietnam has the world's highest uptake of Pico Hydro, with 120,000 units installed so far. Cheap renewable means of generating electricity like Pico Hydro are key to spreading the benefits of electricity throughout the world in a sustainable way. full BBC News article on water purification and small scale hydro power generation