The Anthology of American Folk Music was released on 9 August 1952.
The 84 songs over 3 volumes (titled, "Ballads," "Social Music," and "Songs”) were compiled by Harry Smith, taking songs from his personal collection of 78 rpm releases from 1926-1933.
Moses Asch had approached Smith about selling his record collection, but Smith convinced him to release the collection on Asch’s Folkways label.
The collection was almost entirely ignored upon its initial release, selling only 50 copies in its first year (with 47 going to libraries) - the first press review of the collection did not appear until 1958 - but Asch kept the title in print for 30 years before running into trouble with clearance issues (Asch had failed to secure permission for many of the songs in the collection).
The Anthology of American Folk Music was not ignored by musicians however, as nearly everyone in the folk music scene of the late 1950s and early 1960s was influenced by it, including Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, John Fahey (”I'd match the Anthology up against any other single compendium of important information ever assembled. Dead Sea Scrolls? Nah. I'll take the Anthology”), Pete Seeger, and Dave Van Ronk (”We all knew every word of every song on it, including the ones we hated”).