P. 7 Thus it is not a question of negating the insights of the cultural turn. Nor are we seeking a return to modernism with its humanist assumptions about truth, autonomy, genius, originality and self-expression. The task, as Susan Hekman sees it, is to be able to "account for the material reality of our social existence without losing sight of the discursive dimension of that reality." ....How do we bring the material back into the equation "without losing the insights of the linguistic turn that characterized the last decades of the twentieth century?" Bolt, Toward a New Materialism Through the Arts This is the culminating question Bolt poses after a brief history of modernism and the cultural turn. She deftly illustrated the difference between the focus of each of the pictured philosophers in Raphael's "The School of Athens", using Epicurus as the image of the neo-materialist who is focused on the matter of things. After defining new materialism and pointing out the short-comings of modernism's humanistic approach to art, she argues for valuing the material in art without disregard for what we have gained from the modernist movement. In agreement with Bennett, she argues that matter has agency and a new mode of thinking is required in art history that takes into consideration matter in the formation of art works.