Named after his father, who was named in honor of a 19th-century abolitionist, Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky. He, his sister, and four brothers were descendant of slaves of the antebellum South and were predominantly of African descent. His Father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr., painted billboards and signs and his Mother, Odessa O’Grady Clay, was a domestic helper. Growing up in the segregated South, he experienced racial prejudice and discrimination firsthand. At the age of 12, his training as a boxer followed the theft of his bicycle. Vowing to beat the thief talking to police officer Joe Martin, he was advised to learn how to fight first. He did In his first amateur bout in 1954, he won the fight by split decision. Later he went on to win the 1956 Golden Gloves tournament for novices in the light heavyweight class. Three years later, he won the National Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions, as well as the Amateur Athletic Union's national title for the light heavyweight division.
In 1960, Ali won a spot on the U.S. Olympic boxing team, and traveled to Rome, Italy, to compete. At 6' 3", Ali was an imposing figure in the ring, but he also became known for his lightning speed and fancy footwork. After winning his first three bouts, Ali defeated Zbigniew Pietrzkowski from Poland to win the light heavyweight gold medal. After his Olympic victory, Ali was heralded as an American hero. He soon turned professional with the backing of the Louisville Sponsoring Group, and continued overwhelming all opponents in the ring.
It was in 1961 on a corner in Miami, Florida when Cassius Clay met a man named Abdul Rahman Muhammad. Abdul Rahman was a lieutenant in Temple No. 2 in Chicago. He was relocated to Miami via The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad orders and was promoted to captain. Since the Temple in Miami was small Abdul quickly took to the streets to to spread the message of Islam by selling Muhammad Speaks newspapers. Cassius Clay saw him selling the newspaper and called out to him saying, “Hey Brother! Why are we called Negros? Why are we blind, deaf, and dumb? Why are we is everybody making progress and why are we lagging so far behind?” These were lyrics from a song by Minister Farrakhan called, White Man’s Heaven Is A Black Man’s Hell. When Cassius heard the song, he wanted to become apart of a movement that would free the minds, hearts, spirit of our people. Recognizing the song, Abdul called back and said “You hip to the Teachings then?” That was the beginning of a long and beautiful friendship.
Muhammad Ali and Abdul Rahman Muhammad.
From then on, Abdul Rahman Muhammad then known as Captain Sam, taught Cassius Islam. When he was training for the Sonny Liston fight, Abdul wanted him to become a registered Muslim. He wrote his letter and when it was accepted, his name was changed to Cassius X as all NOI Muslims names are. Promoters were trying to get Cassius X to denounce the Islamic religion saying that if he didn’t there wasn’t going to be a fight. Abdul Rahman encouraged him to hold on to his belief explaining to him that money is the white mans god and that he was the only one who can make money for him. He held on to his belief but wasn't exposed to the public as being a Black Muslim. In 1962, Abdul Rahman brought Malcolm X to meet Cassius X. The press found out and pictures were taken and sent out to the public that Malcolm X was recruiting Cassius X to be a Muslim even though Abdul Rahman Muhammad had Cassius X in the Nation for about three years.
Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X.
The morning after his win against Sonny Liston he was asked by the press about him being a Muslim. Because of what he said and the fearlessness he showed his teacher, The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad, saw in him that he was a great man and gave him the name of Muhammad Ali. It was the wisdom of that same teacher that made young Ali a bold champion for Black people outside of the ring, promoting the Nation of Islam as a solution to the Black-White problem, standing against White oppression and offering the world a look at a man free of the mindset of his former slave masters. His name change, stand with The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and stand against White supremacy and U.S. racial hypocrisy threatened the white media and brought hate mail and death threats. It also shook up the world. The Muslim World accepted Muhammad Ali, who went to Africa, met with President Gamal Abdul Nasser and the president gave him a gold Mosque to give to Elijah Muhammad.
Muhammad Ali with his Teacher, The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
Muhammad Ali’s boldness, confidence, discipline, and greatness was cultivated in the ranks of the Nation Of Islam. Because of his discipline he eventually became a Minister in the Nation Of Islam under the leadership of The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. Some of his speeches were taken right out of Elijah Muhammad’s book Message to the Blackman. It was April 28, 1967 when Muhammad Ali refused induction in the U.S. Army. It was a bold step but he was not alone, nor the first to refuse. He was one of many members of the Nation of Islam that told the enemy, “we’re not going to fight your war, we’re a conscientious objector. You can’t send us 9,000 miles to kill some poor people in Vietnam and we’re dying in America on the streets from police bullets and Ku Klux Klan and hanging and lynching and burnings.” Muhammad Ali shared his reasons for refusing the draft during the Vietnam War at a meeting of the Negro Industrial and Economic Union in Cleveland on June 4, 1967 along with Bill Russell, Jim Brown, Kareem Abdul Jabbar and others. On June 20, 1967, Ali was convicted of draft evasion, sentenced to five years in prison, fined $10,000 and banned from boxing for three years. He stayed out of prison as his case was appealed and returned to the ring on October 26, 1970, knocking out Jerry Quarry in Atlanta in the third round. On March 8, 1971, Ali fought Joe Frazier in the “Fight of the Century” and lost after 15 rounds, the first loss of his professional boxing career. On June 28 of that same year, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction for evading the draft.
He was one of many members of the Nation of Islam that told the enemy, “we’re not going to fight your war, we’re a conscientious objector. You can’t send us 9,000 miles to kill some poor people in Vietnam and we’re dying in America on the streets from police bullets and Ku Klux Klan and hanging and lynching and burnings.” Muhammad Ali shared his reasons for refusing the draft during the Vietnam War at a meeting of the Negro Industrial and Economic Union in Cleveland on June 4, 1967 along with Bill Russell, Jim Brown, Kareem Abdul Jabbar and others. On June 20, 1967, Ali was convicted of draft evasion, sentenced to five years in prison, fined $10,000 and banned from boxing for three years. He stayed out of prison as his case was appealed. In 1969, The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad saw in Muhammad Ali that the world of sport and play was still in his heart. The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad disciplined the champion and put him out of the Nation for a year. Elijah Muhammad explained in Muhammad Speaks why he took Muhammad Ali’s name back. The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad, who would reinstate Muhammad Ali, was displeased because his student had spoken of returning to boxing to make money. Elijah Muhammad wanted his student to give up boxing and had taught him, taken care of him and sent him to teach on college campuses as a Muslim minister and these speaking engagements earned financial support for Muhammad Ali and his family.
After he came back to the Nation from his suspension and Elijah Muhammad gave him his name back, Muhammad Ali returned to the ring on October 26, 1970, knocking out Jerry Quarry in Atlanta in the third round. Muhammad Ali was a proud Black Muslim in the Nation Of Islam under the leadership of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. One Saviours’ Day, he opened for the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad saying “I will never denounce this man!” The Nation of Islam made a huge impact on Muhammad Ali’s life. Without the Teachings of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad there wouldn’t be the Muhammad Ali that you know today. May Allah’s Peace and Blessings be upon him.
To learn more about Muhammad Ali’s life in the NOI click here:
https://www.noi.org/muhammad-ali/