Discover Top Posts Tagged with #non-coding rna

Mapping vast unknown territory of long non-coding RNA

"Long non-coding RNAs are part of what you might call the 'dark matter' of the genome, and this tool we've developed should help us understand much better how they work in health and disease,"

Communities of long non-coding RNAs. Mauro Calabrese and colleagues can now categorize long non-coding RNAs by their function to learn more about the roles of this type of RNA in health and disease.Credit: Calabrese Lab, UNC School of Medicine

#non-coding RNA #genetics #RNA #biology #science

Τhe RΝΑ World

Every now and again, something turns up that makes one feel good. In my most recent case it was a book review. No, not one of my books, but one in Nature (vol 632, pp 250-251) on RNA. The Nobel prize winner, Thomas Cech describes RNA as “Folding into origami-like shapes, it can pull off wild stunts that make its genetic parent, DNA, look like a one-trick pony.” This is in his book The Catalyst…

#abiogenetic formation of RNA #catalytic RNA #editing RNA #non-coding RNA #ribozymes #RNA starts life

Specific changes to non-coding RNA may be part of what makes us human

Human-specific variants of four microRNAs may have altered expression levels and gene targets compared to other great apes, according to a study published April 22, 2016 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Alicia Gallego from the Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Spain, and colleagues.

MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional gene regulators known to be involved in almost every biological function. They are highly conserved among species and, while some differences exist, the effect of the variations is often unclear. The authors of the present study analysed over 1500 microRNAs to identify variations between humans and other great ape species, including orangutans, gorillas, bonobos and chimpanzees, and the possible effect of these variations on function.

Gallego A, Melé M, Balcells I, García-Ramallo E, Torruella-Loran I, Fernández-Bellon H, et al. (2016) Functional Implications of Human-Specific Changes in Great Ape microRNAs. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0154194. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154194

Caption: These are the great ape individuals and miRNAs changes analyzed in this study. Boxes indicate the number of species-specific nucleotide substitutions along the great ape phylogeny since the split with humans (or with chimpanzees in the case of humans), in the precursor (dark grey), mature (light grey) and seed (white) miRNA regions. Total number of miRNAs in which these changes occur is shown in brackets. No species-specific nucleotide substitutions were considered for bonobo (Pan paniscus) due to the low quality genome annotation in this group may underestimate the real number of species-specific substitutions in the rest of the groups, and for gorillas (Gorilla beringei) due to the low number of individuals that are representative of this population.Credit: Gallego et al.

#evolution #humans #miRNA #mircoRNA #non-coding RNA #genetics #biology #science

In biology as in real estate, location is a cardinal organizational principle that dictates the accessibility and flow of informational traffic. An essential question in nuclear organization is the nature of the address code—how objects are placed ...

#non-coding rna

Cell. 2009 Jan 23;136(2):215-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

#non-coding rna

Non coding RNA reviews from “Nature”

#non-coding rna

Origins of Genomic 'Dark Matter' Discovered

Sep. 18, 2013 — A duo of scientists at Penn State University has achieved a major milestone in understanding how genomic "dark matter" originates. This "dark matter" -- called non-coding RNA -- does not contain the blueprint for making proteins and yet it comprises more than 95 percent of the human genome. The researchers have discovered that essentially all coding and non-coding RNA originates at the same types of locations along the human genome. The team's findings eventually may help to pinpoint exactly where complex-disease traits reside, since the genetic origins of many diseases reside outside of the coding region of the genome.

#science #genetics #dna #rna #non-coding rna