#notesandletters

[sakitomolove]

Love wall ❤️💋 #valentinesthing #wallpost #hugotwall #notesandletters (at SM Aura Premier)

[damianchavezart]

"Interlude" Pen & ink and gouache on bristol, 11" x 14" (about 28cm x 35.5cm) $100 USD - first to send email confirmation is first in line to get the piece. Free shipping in US/CAN.(✉️[email protected]). "How will you know unless you ask?" . . . . . @strathmoreart #voluptuaria #restingvoluptuary #sleepyhead #bedroom #bed #teal #resting #notesandletters #gold #muse #artforsale #artcollecting #bristolpaper #artinvestment #artdecowoman #artdecobeauty #penandink #gouache #graphic #sketchbook #worksonpaper #artist #damianchavezart

[analyticaldeduction]

Beginning Letter Frequencies

         Letter Relative frequency as the first letter of an English word:

[analyticaldeduction]

English Letter Frequencies

A helpful chart for remembering American english letter frequencies. Particularly useful for cracking simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers.

[analyticaldeduction]

The Running Key Vigenére Cipher

                The Running Key cipher is the same as the Vigenére cipher in the respect that it uses the same polyalphabetic grid and the same order and method in which it encrypts letter pairs. The difference, though, is how the key is obtained. In a Vigenére cipher, the key is simply a word, repeated enough times to stretch the length of the message. In a Running Key cipher, the key is usually the passage from a book, like It was the best of times, it was the worst of times... and so on. To make a passage work, simply omit any punctuation or spaces, and you're good to go,

[analyticaldeduction]

Playfair Cipher

        The Playfair Cipher is not a cipher I would regularly use, mostly because I don't know it well. I also find it cumbersome and not really worth the work compared to other, more useful ciphers. 

Below are the instructions on how to do it. I didn't write them as this site here does a better job of explaining it than I could.

Table:

                     K E Y W O         R D A B C         F G H  I  J         L M N P S         T U V  X Z

                    If both letters are the same, add an X between them. Encrypt the new pair, re-pair the remining letters and continue.

If the letters appear on the same row of your table, replace them with the letters to their immediate right respectively, wrapping around to the left side of the row if necessary. For example, using the table above, the letter pair GJ would be encoded as HF.

If the letters appear on the same column of your table, replace them with the letters immediately below, wrapping around to the top if necessary. For example, using the table above, the letter pair MD would be encoded as UG.

If the letters are on different rows and columns, replace them with the letters on the same row respectively but at the other pair of corners of the rectangle defined by the original pair. The order is important - the first letter of the pair should be replaced first. For example, using the table above, the letter pair EB would be encoded as WD.

To decipher, ignore rule 1. In rules 2 and 3 shift up and left instead of down and right. Rule 4 remains the same. Once you are done, drop any extra Xs that don't make sense in the final message and locate any missing Qs or any Is that should be Js.

[analyticaldeduction]

The Railfence Cipher

        The Railfence Cipher is a simple scramble code that is fairly easy to break, as even when it's encoded there is still a fairly obvious pattern. But it would be negligent and silly not to know it, so here's how:

 First, write out your message, no spaces.

HELLOWORLD 

Next, arrange these letters so that you can read them as columns, from up to down, left to right.

        H  L  O  O  L

E  L  W  R  D

You can do as many rows as you want, but I just used two. Also, if there are any spaces left by not enough letters, you can either leave blank or substitute X for the emptiness.

Next, you simply read it off as rows, left to right, up to down, to that it looks like this:

HLOOL | ELWRD

And there you have it. To decode, simply stack the rows on top of each other and read it as columns.

[analyticaldeduction]

Vigenére Cipher

                Directions:

Using a code word, write it over the message.

Code word: APPLES

Message: HELLOWORLD

         A|P|P|L|E|S|A|P|P|L

H|E|L|L|O|W|O|R|L|D

Use the two letters you get and encode them with the table, so that:

A+H = H, P+E = T, P+L = A ...

The coded message: "HTAWSOOGAZ" and so on.

To decode, simply put the code word over the coded message, and reverse the process.

The Vigenére cipher is particularly useful because it's so hard to crack. This is due to the fact that it uses a polyalphabetic system and encodes two letters at a time, not one. It can be cracked, if you have a long enough message, but it is difficult to do so, as it involves looking for patterns in said message.