
seen from United States

seen from T1
seen from Canada
seen from Sweden

seen from United States
seen from Singapore

seen from T1

seen from T1
seen from Germany
seen from Russia
seen from Türkiye
seen from United States
seen from Russia
seen from China

seen from United States
seen from Russia

seen from Ireland
seen from China
seen from China
seen from China
Treponematoses
– Bacterial infections caused by 3 types of treponema (different from Treponema pallidum) whose human transmission is direct or indirect.
– The 3 non-venereal treponematoses result in positive syphilis serology
(TPHA-VDRL), but this review is not required for diagnosis remains primarily clinical.
– For treatment of syphilis see Genital infections.
Clinical signs:
See table next page.
Treatment:
–
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T. pallidum shows No Resistance!
Most pathogenic bacteria have transposable elements (which are motile parts of DNA that are capable of transfering genes from one bacteria to another when they exchange genetic information), BUT Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of Syphilis, does not contain these transposable elements which suggests that its genome is highly conserved and may explain its continued susceptibility to Penicillin!