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Introduction to Federated Learning
Why we need federated learning? The International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that by 2025, there will be over 41.5 billion IoT devices, generating around 79.5 zettabytes of data [2]. By applying ML algorithms to IoT data, devices can make intelligent decisions, predict outcomes, and automate processes without human intervention [5]. TinyML enables on-device data processing, thereby…
So let's talk about this paper Baohong. I first encountered this paper in 2016 I think when one of my student from Singapore @craftysuelau gave me a pack of this watercolor paper. At that time we were comparing this paper to Art Philosophy's watercolor paper & we both agreed that basically the 2 papers from these brands are practically the same. Then years go by, someone (I forgot who) compared Baohong to Arches like a cheaper version, but I beg to disagree. Yes this can be a cheaper alternative but in no way that this is close to Arches. So here's my experience, when I do a lot of wet on wet technique with Baohong, I noticed that the colors are becoming dull in an instant, unlike with Arches the colors are still vibrant even when I use the same technique. So I stopped using Baohong for a while for watercolors since I don't like the result of my paintings with it. I just use it for my gouache paintings instead. Now I wanted to give Baohong another chance that's why I decided to use it again for watercolors. I found out that if I use wet on dry technique then the colors are still vibrant. I can still use wet on wet but not on the whole area but just parts of it. Some colors are harder to lift especially the staining ones but that's given right? Though with Arches even if the color is staining, sometimes I can still lift that color in no fuss. So I think, yes this can be a good cheap alternative to expensive papers like Arches but again it will depend on how you use your techniques. I guess you just have to find a work around for this paper to be effective & of course everything will depend on your painting style. #paperreview #baohong #productreview #aquarelle #watercolors #roses #looseflorals #expressiveflorals #expressivestrokes #painting #redroses #dreweuropeo #calligrafikaswatercolors https://www.instagram.com/p/CaFEeEVPHGu/?utm_medium=tumblr
“The social-technical gap is the divide between what we know we must support socially and what we can support technically.”
This paper speaks to some of the observed gaps in the history of CSCW and also asks what HCI is to do with this gap which will probably exist for a long time, if not permanently.
It has a lot of interested precedents and theories about this gap, but also how CSCW came to be and how fields and emerge and grow out of each other -- something I found very interesting.
HCI is meant to design human centered computing systems. My graduate program is most closely associated with HCI. But HCI is a very broad field. I often feel orphaned by a lot of the popular ideas in HCI -- I often feel that “hot” topics only become hot from brief commercial usage and that many technologies proposed by HCI are not for a large range of people and don’t really solve but instead create more problems.
This paper speaks to the tech infrastructure issue in HCI, which I have also been frustrated with in the past. It argues HCI researchers must be more involved in the tech infrastructure development of their projects. This paper proposes 3 definitions: constrained possibilities, unmediated interaction, and interjected abstractions.
Constrained possibilities: Design choices taken by the infrastructure may preclude entirely certain desirable user experience outcomes.
Interjected abstractions: Technical abstractions in the interface may appear in the conceptual model exposed to users.
Unmediated interaction: Users may have to interact directly with the infrastructure to accomplish their goals.
It argues that infrastructure can sometimes block and inhibit interaction within HCI work.
While I agree this happens, I think this paper misses a bigger picture problem. WHY is HCI choosing certain infrastructures over others and where is the priority trade off between development, design, and theory within HCI?
I don’t have a good answer to that question yet, but I think it’s worth asking.
This paper explores using gaze tracking and areas of interest to artistic annotate these in frames of video. I’m not sure how much I like the paper, but I did find it inspiring and interesting so I put it here.
ARTECH2017: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital ArtsSeptember 2017 Pages 85–91https://doi.org/10.1145/3106548.3106605
This paper explores the Viola- Jones face detection algorithm and how it can be used to generate faces from random data. In particular: can a computer imagine and draw a human face, based only on that proposed algorithm?
At the time of this paper, OpenCV implemented a version of this Viola-Jones algorithm. Generative faces have been done with these algorithms for years by various artists.
This paper flips the algorithm -- instead of detecting faces the authors are using it to imagine faces. They are approaching this from an artistic lens -- to illustrate how recognition occurs without the presence of data and purely algorithmically.
I really enjoyed this paper. I found it and its literature review inspiring.
Reciprocity Theory
I found there are a couple versions of reciprocity theory.
Social Psychology
One is Newcomb's from a perspective of social psychology, talking about interpersonal attractiveness.
Newcomb, T. (1979). Reciprocity of Interpersonal Attraction: A Nonconfirmation of a Plausible Hypothesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42(4), 299-306. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.library.cornell.edu/stable/3033801
Altman talks about revealing informaiton and feelings to each other.
Altman, I. (1973). Reciprocity of Interpersonal Exchange 1. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 3(2), 249-261.
CSCW
In Building a successful community, they present three studies that show newcomers who receive comments, feedback, even negative ratings engage with the community more. Even though they did not mention reciprocity theory, it can be explained in this way.
I started searching CSCW paper and this one has some theoretical explanation of reciprocity:
Qian Zhao, Zihong Huang, F. Maxwell Harper, Loren Terveen, and Joseph A. Konstan. 2016. Precision CrowdSourcing: Closing the Loop to Turn Information Consumers into Information Contributors. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1615-1625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819957
It cited a bunch of paper, such of Cosley's paper. It defines reciprocity:
Reciprocity: people make or withhold contributions to others based on how others treat them (Rabin 1993).
Economics
It also works in economics and game theory. This paper is cited by Cosley. It talks about some social phenomenon and proved by math. But the word reciprocity only appears once, in Reference.
Rabin, M. 1993. Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics. Am. Econ. Review 83(5):1281–1302.
So the paper in the reference of Rabin's is:
Goranson, R. E., & Berkowitz, L. (1966). Reciprocity and responsibility reactions to prior help. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(2), 227.
Zhao et al.(2016) cites Falk et al. (2006)'s paper:
People are reciprocal if they reward kind actions and punish unkind ones.
Their theory takes into account that "people evaluate the kindness ofan action not only by its consequences but also by its underlying intention".
Falk, A., & Fischbacher, U. (2006). A theory of reciprocity. Games and economic behavior, 54(2), 293-315.
They also cites Gouldner's work, reciprocity is analyzed as a social norm: the social norm of doing for others because they (either specifically or generally) have done or will do for you.
Gouldner, A. (1960). The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2092623
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