#pathogenic bacteria

[wikipediapictures]

Proteus vulgaris

[mitchieacademia]

1 - September - 2020

Bacteria and Fungi

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Hello Everyone!

Long time no see! I am about half way through the second semester of this year and this week I have a progress exam for my infections course. If I stay on my productive streak then there should be more pathogen-based studyblr pages to be uploaded later this week. I have decided that I definitely want to major in infection and immunity and minor in genetics, but I still have one minor left to decide on. 

Happy Studying!

[projectchampionz]

Antibacterial Activity Of Gongronema On Some Selected Pathogenic Bacteria e.g. Bacteria From Brewery Yeast

Antibacterial Activity Of Gongronema On Some Selected Pathogenic Bacteria e.g. Bacteria From Brewery Yeast

This Research Work is on Antibacterial Activity Of Gongronema On Some Selected Pathogenic Bacteria e.g. Bacteria From Brewery Yeast

Title Page

Certification/Declaration

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

  Chapter 1

Introduction

1:1 Introduction

1:2 Background of the Study

1:3 Statements of Problems

1:4 Objectives of the Study

1:5 Research Question

1:6 Study of the…

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[oaresearchpaper]

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Infected Shing Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) from Freshwater Ponds in Bangladesh

Abstract

Among the local fishes, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most demandable, popular and highly valuable fish in Bangladesh. A total of 84 clinically infected shing fishes were directly collected by a cultivator from their own ponds between April 2019 and December 2019. In total, eighty four fish-based ponds, 58(69.1%) were in Mymensingh region and the rest 26(30.9%) were in Netrakona districts in Bangladesh. Out of 84 infected fish samples, 74(88.1%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 10(11.9%) were with normal flora. A total of 74 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated and among the isolates Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Citobacter spp, and Vibrio spp, appeared to be the main pathogen in the diseased fishes. Among the isolated species of bacteria distribution of the largest pathogens Aeromonas species was 38 (51.4%), and second the largest Pseudomonas spp was 15(20.3%). The rest of isolates were distributed as Staphylococcus spp 7(9.4%), Citobacter spp 4(5.4%), Vibrio spp 3(4.1%) and only 7(9.4%) others namely Bacillus spp, Edwardsiella spp, Enterococcus spp, Flavobacterium spp, Klebsiella spp in infected H. fossilis. The cultivation of shing (H. fossilis) fishes is dramatically increased all over the country. However, bacterial diseases may influence to decrease the production in ponds water. In this work, bacterial pathogens were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin (77%), Cotrimoxazole (97.3%), and Enorfloxacin (97.8%). All the strains showed resistant to 74/74(100%) Amoxicillin, and 63/74(85.1) erythromycin. The intermediate sensitive against Colistin was 35.1% and Doxycycline was 22.9% respectively. 

Introduction

Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) is an indigenous air-breeding catfishes of South-East-Asia which is locally named as Shing in various parts of Bangladesh. Shing (H. fossilis) is extremely wellknown and exceptionally important fish species in Bangladesh. In viewpoints, it isn't just perceived for its delightful taste and market esteem but at the same time is profoundly respected for being restorative and healthful. Due to high demand and market price, it is cultured in farms with high stocking density. Despite the fact that Shing (H. fossilis) culture has incredible potential in Bangladesh, different illnesses of Shing causes genuine financial misfortunes in view of their high mortality under cultivating conditions. Generally, different species of cultivated and freshwater fishes are infected by Aeromonas spp in Bangladesh (Sarker et al., 2000). Moreover, Rashid et al. (2008) distinguished A. hydrophila from epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) influenced shing (H. fossilis). Once upon a time, shing was bounteously accessible in the vast water of Bangladesh, yet by and by, it is undermined due to abuse and different environmental changes in its regular natural surroundings. Despite the fact that, new approach of fry and fingerlings of shing fishes has been developed in recent years, but obscure diseases of shing (H. fossilis) cause great economic losses because of their high mortality rate. In any case, the production of H. fossilis is identified with their aquaculture credits which incorporate capacity to withstand taking care of pressure, ailment opposition, high development rate, fruitfulness and attractiveness (Anyanwu et al., 2014).

Microscopic organism associated to produce infections in fish species have been accounted in various locale of Bangladesh and the revealed microbes were Aeromonas hydrophila (Ahamad et al., 2013), Flavobacterium columnare in columnaris infection (Declercq et al., 2003), Edwardsiella spp in edwardsiellosis (Mohanty and Sahoo, 2007), Aeromonas salmonicida in run of the mill furunculosis and Psudomonas species (Austin, 2011). The dangerous microbes such as Pseudomonas species, Aeromonas species, Staphylococcus species, Flavobacterium species, Citobacter species Edwardsiella species, and Vibrio species that live in every pond causing perilous, bacterial disease, for example, ulcer, blade decay and tail spoil of fishes. In Bangladesh, there is minimal accessible literature about bacterial infected shing fishes and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates that have not been accounted for to gather enough information on pond cultured shing fish diseases. Therefore, the current study was embraced to isolate and identify bacteria from the infected pond cultured shing (H. fossilis) and observe their antibiotic affectability against various anti-infection agents.

Source : Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Infected Shing Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) from Freshwater Ponds in Bangladesh | InformativeBD

[oaresearchpaper]

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Infected Shing Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) from Freshwater Ponds in Bangladesh | InformativeBD

Among the local fishes, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most demandable, popular and highly valuable fish in Bangladesh. A total of 84 clinically infected shing fishes were directly collected by a cultivator from their own ponds between April 2019 and December 2019. In total, eighty four fish-based ponds, 58(69.1%) were in Mymensingh region and the rest 26(30.9%) were in Netrakona districts in Bangladesh. Out of 84 infected fish samples, 74(88.1%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 10(11.9%) were with normal flora. A total of 74 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated and among the isolates Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Citobacter spp, and Vibrio spp, appeared to be the main pathogen in the diseased fishes. Among the isolated species of bacteria distribution of the largest pathogens Aeromonas species was 38 (51.4%), and second the largest Pseudomonas spp was 15(20.3%). The rest of isolates were distributed as Staphylococcus spp 7(9.4%), Citobacter spp 4(5.4%), Vibrio spp 3(4.1%) and only 7(9.4%) others namely Bacillus spp, Edwardsiella spp, Enterococcus spp, Flavobacterium spp, Klebsiella spp in infected H. fossilis. The cultivation of shing (H. fossilis) fishes is dramatically increased all over the country. However, bacterial diseases may influence to decrease the production in ponds water. In this work, bacterial pathogens were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin (77%), Cotrimoxazole (97.3%), and Enorfloxacin (97.8%). All the strains showed resistant to 74/74(100%) Amoxicillin, and 63/74(85.1) erythromycin. The intermediate sensitive against Colistin was 35.1% and Doxycycline was 22.9% respectively.

[oaresearchpaper]

Detachment, distinguishing proof of bacterial pathogens from infected Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) cultured in freshwater ponds in Bangladesh

Among the local fishes, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most demandable, popular and highly valuable fish in Bangladesh. A total of 84 clinically infected shing fishes were directly collected by a cultivator from their own ponds between April 2019 and December 2019. In total, eighty four fish-based ponds, 58(69.1%) were in Mymensingh region and the rest 26(30.9%) were in Netrakona districts in Bangladesh. Out of 84 infected fish samples, 74(88.1%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 10(11.9%) were with normal flora. A total of 74 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated and among the isolates Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Citobacter spp, and Vibrio spp, appeared to be the main pathogen in the diseased fishes. Among the isolated species of bacteria distribution of the largest pathogens Aeromonas species was 38 (51.4%), and second the largest Pseudomonas spp was 15(20.3%). The rest of isolates were distributed as Staphylococcus spp 7(9.4%), Citobacter spp 4(5.4%), Vibrio spp 3(4.1%) and only 7(9.4%) others namely Bacillus spp, Edwardsiella spp, Enterococcus spp, Flavobacterium spp, Klebsiella spp in infected H. fossilis. The cultivation of shing (H. fossilis) fishes is dramatically increased all over the country. However, bacterial diseases may influence to decrease the production in ponds water. In this work, bacterial pathogens were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin (77%), Cotrimoxazole (97.3%), and Enorfloxacin (97.8%). All the strains showed resistant to 74/74(100%) Amoxicillin, and 63/74(85.1) erythromycin. The intermediate sensitive against Colistin was 35.1% and Doxycycline was 22.9% respectively.

[oaresearchpaper]

Among the local fishes, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the most demandable, popular and highly valuable fish in Bangladesh. A total of 84 clinically infected shing fishes were directly collected by a cultivator from their own ponds between April 2019 and December 2019. In total, eighty four fish-based ponds, 58(69.1%) were in Mymensingh region and the rest 26(30.9%) were in Netrakona districts in Bangladesh. Out of 84 infected fish samples, 74(88.1%) were infected with pathogenic bacteria and 10(11.9%) were with normal flora. A total of 74 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated and among the isolates Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Citobacter spp, and Vibrio spp, appeared to be the main pathogen in the diseased fishes. Among the isolated species of bacteria distribution of the largest pathogens Aeromonas species was 38 (51.4%), and second the largest Pseudomonas spp was 15(20.3%). The rest of isolates were distributed as Staphylococcus spp 7(9.4%), Citobacter spp 4(5.4%), Vibrio spp 3(4.1%) and only 7(9.4%) others namely Bacillus spp, Edwardsiella spp, Enterococcus spp, Flavobacterium spp, Klebsiella spp in infected H. fossilis. The cultivation of shing (H. fossilis) fishes is dramatically increased all over the country. However, bacterial diseases may influence to decrease the production in ponds water. In this work, bacterial pathogens were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin (77%), Cotrimoxazole (97.3%), and Enorfloxacin (97.8%). All the strains showed resistant to 74/74(100%) Amoxicillin, and 63/74(85.1) erythromycin. The intermediate sensitive against Colistin was 35.1% and Doxycycline was 22.9% respectively.

[rjzimmerman]

The Beach Is Lovely. The Water, Maybe Not So Much.

As oceans warm, pathogenic bacteria are turning up more frequently in northern regions, scientists say.

Excerpt from this story from the New York Times:

On a warm day in early July, Ed Houlihan guided kayakers on a four-mile trip on Cape Cod from Popponesset Bay up the Mashpee River to a freshwater pond. It was three hours of paddling round trip, but afterward Mr. Houlihan, 83, felt no worse for wear — at first.

Five days later, his left shin was red and sore, his body was aching, and he had fever and chills. Doctors diagnosed him with a Shewanella algae infection, a bacterium that thrives in brackish water.

“Everyone worries about sharks in the water, and what got me was this tiny micro-organism,” Mr. Houlihan said.

Water-borne pathogens like S. algae appear to be turning up more often in the Northeast. Another serious infection, the flesh-eating bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, killed three people in the New York area this summer. The bacterium enters the body through scrapes or cuts; it can also be ingested by eating raw shellfish.

While it was once seen mostly around Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, V. vulnificus seems to be colonizing new waters. “It used to be highly unusual north of the Carolinas,” said Jim Oliver, a microbiologist at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. “Now it’s fairly routine.”

He is an author of a recent study that found that V. vulnificus wound infections increased eight-fold in the eastern United States between 1988 and 2018, from 10 to 80 infections per year. Cases were identified an average of 48 kilometers farther north each year, according to the study, which was published in the journal Scientific Reports.

A recent study that tracked Vibrio and Shewanella infections between 2010 and 2018 in Denmark found that most cases occurred in years when seawater temperatures were high.

These infections are rarely acquired domestically in northern European countries because coastal seawater is mostly too cold to support high bacterial levels. But the warming of low-salinity coastal waters in the Baltic Sea has fueled growth of the bacteria, increasing the risk of human infections, the authors said.