#pectinases

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Evaluation of pectinesterase enzyme extracted from Date Palm fruits cv. Zaghloul

The idea of this research is to maximize benefits of ripe date palm fruits (cv. Zaghloul) by using it as a source of pectin esterase which is of prime importance for food industry. Pectin esterase was extracted using sodium chloride and its specific activity was determined. The crude pectin esterase specific activity was17849.52Umg-1 protein. Partial purification of the crude enzyme took place with acetone and ethanol to determine the enzyme optimum temperature and pH. The used purification technique resulted in about2.5-fold purification with 20% acetone resulting in 4127.70Umg-1 protein specific activity and16.64% recovery. The same purification fold was obtained with ethanol resulting in4135.44 Umg-1 protein specific activity and 5% recovery. The optimum temperature was 40°C and optimum pH was 8 for the partially purified enzyme. It can be concluded that the quality of pectiesterase enzyme extracted from ripe Zaghloul dates is comparable with that extracted from apple and orange and has specific activity less than apple (30848.90 Umg-1 protein) and more than orange (12736.00 Umg-1 protein).

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The food processing industry is an advanced sector in strong evolution, turned to innovation and research and in which, the use of enzymatic processes takes center stage. In that capacity, pectinases is mainly used to clarify juices and to augment the output of extraction. In this sense, the present study was aimed at the improvement of output in essential oils of the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) by the use of pectinases extracted from the free and immobilized Aspergillus niger EF97 strain. The preparation of pectinases enzymes was got from the culture medium supernatant of Aspergillus niger strain EF97 grown on pectin as a carbon source. Controlled parametres (concentration in pectin, temperature, pH and agitation of incubation) are optimized by the experimental planning method. The free cells in culture produce three pectinolytic enzymes; polygalacturonase (PG), pectinesterase (PE) and pectinlyase (PL). However, the mycelium entrapped in the calcium alginate matrix synthesizes only the polygalacturonase (PG) but with a high specific activity. The effect of enzymatic treatment by free and immobilized cells exhibited improvements in the yield of essential oils (lower energy cost and reduced treatment time). The yield of essential oils increased by 17% and the rate of hydrodistillation of the rosemary biomass treated with the enzyme preparation was faster (40%).