Quick analysis of Paranatural chapter 7, the scene with Spender and Penny, because I was rereading it and think it's fascinating and the way you can clearly understand where both Penny and Spender are coming from is really well-done and instantly lets you know their whole dynamic from 3 pages.
First, Richard's perspective: At this point in his life, he's just starting to escape the stifling environment he grew up in. His parents treated him badly, he was always the disappointing child, but now he's a spectral. After years of being alone in a home that didn't know him, he has a community that he belongs to, if not fully. He's finally old enough to make decisions for himself, and he's choosing to try and get as far away from his toxic home as possible, and the people who thought of him as the "lesser son." Because from his point of view, Penny is the "perfect 'son.'" She's talented, dignified, presumably would go along with what her parents told her to do. Richard was always very outwardly the black sheep of the family. He was dorky, awkward, couldn't fit into high society. He was also gay, and a spectral. Everybody always knew he was different from the rest of them, that he wouldn't be able to live up to his parent's expectations, so he was slotted into the role of "upsetting failure child" as soon as this was clear. He felt like he couldn't fit into the Spender family from day one, so leaving was hardly a hard choice.
Penny, on the contrary, seemed outwardly to be exactly what their parents wanted from a son. We don't see much of Penny pre-spectral-pre-transition, but she at least seems very serious, dignified, and probably talented. Nobody would ever expect the Spender's perfect, gifted "son" to be anything other than exactly what they wanted. Except there was one problem: she was trans. But by this scene she either isn't aware of that yet, or did know but was still deeply in the closet. She felt just as different and isolated as Richard did, but was far better at hiding it and hardly ever displayed how out-of-place she felt, so Richard always assumed she must be just like his parents. She's desperate for escape just like he is, but she hides it so well that Spender doesn't believe her. She is begging him to think of her as her own person, not a miniature of their parents, just like how her parents think of her, but he refuses to. Spender is so caught up in his own separateness from their family that since Penny was always just what his parents wanted, he can't imagine why she could feel like he does.
Dialogue analysis, but I'm too lazy to put pictures of the panels, so just take my word for it:
Spender says their dad doesn't want the real him there, which is true. His parents don't love him the same way they love Penny, and he has always been the black sheep, but he's also oblivious to the fact that they wouldn't want the real Penny there either. Penny tries to tell Spender what she feels about the gala, but he ignores her because she's still acting as stoic as ever. He walks away, and she points out how he's only allowed to do what he wants because he's their backup Penny. Penny does not see herself as the golden child. She sees herself as the trapped one, stuck in her responsibilities, while Spender is allowed to roam free without consequence. She envies him. Spender's simple retaliation proves that he also envies her: even if he hates his parents, he still wishes it could be as "easy" for them to love him as they love her. Penny tries to aloofly ask him what he's doing, and Spender assumes she's being a brat, presumably because she's done things like that before. She asks to go with him and he lies, because he's desperate to escape his parents and Penny is a constant reminder of everything they wanted him to be. Their next exchange proves just how desperate Penny is to go with him, to be free from her parents even for just a bit, but as mentioned previously Spender can't see beyond what his parents see in her, and he declines rudely. I'm just gonna put the next lines here, because they're really good:
Richard: Guilt doesn't work on me anymore, okay? I bought that crappy car! I planned this trip! It's mine for once, not Mom and Dad's!
Penny: I'm not Mom and Dad.
Richard: Yeah, well, you still have a place here in their world. I have my own world now.
Spender spent so long feeling stifled and trapped by his family, and partially by Penny being everything his parents wanted from him done better (she really was a replacement him) that he's taking pride in being able to be separate from them. Penny asking to go with him feels like giving up his hard-earned freedom. But Penny is her own person who is just as trapped as he used to be, and she is pleading with him to help her escape because she's not their dad, she's not their mom, she's herself and she needs help and Spender can't see past the shields she's put up. He doesn't know she's queer, or a spectral. She's too good at masking and he's too oblivious. Even though she's trying to tell him that this house is no home for her, he's so used to seeing her as everything he's not that he doesn't listen.
This is a really poorly-written analysis and I might go back and rewrite it sometime when I'm not quite so tired and rambly and bad at writing, but I'm just gonna post it for now.