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"Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is often vague, than an exact answer to the wrong question, which can always be made precise."
John Tukey, statistician
(16th June 1915-2000)
NASA-Funded Research Follows Bird Flight; Birds Follow Their Noses
A fresh space update is giving scientists and engineers another useful data point, the kind that can matter long after the launch photo or mission headline fades. The value of space work is often delayed. The public moment is the mission update; the real payoff comes from the data, the engineering lessons and the experiments that follow. Continue reading NASA-Funded Research Follows Bird Flight;…
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the accuracy and precision of user groups using common syringe-and-needle combinations found in small animal general practice. Methods 30 participants were divided into 3 groups (novice, beginner, and expert) based on level of experience. Participants prepared 180 syringes (sixty 0.5-mL insulin syringes, sixty 1-mL tuberculin syringes with 25-gauge needle, sixty 1-mL tuberculin syringes with 22-gauge needle) with 3 volumes of sterile water (0.02, 0.12, and 0.43 mL). Accuracy and precision were calculated, and mixed-effect modelling was used to evaluate the impact of syringe type, volume, and participant characteristics. Results The greatest precision was seen with the smallest needle for the smallest volume. All participants tended to overfill volumes with larger syringe-and-needle combinations. The 1-mL syringe with larger needles was the least accurate. However, with larger volumes the percent difference in prepared versus expected volume (ie, the effect of overfilling) was reduced compared to smaller volumes. The beginner group was nearly 2 times as likely to prepare an accurate volume within ± 20% of the intended volume compared to experts (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.93). Conclusions Errors in volume preparation ± 20% of expected, especially with the smallest volumes, were most common when larger needles were used. Smaller syringe-and-needle combinations improved precision. Clinical Relevance Clinical practitioners should be aware of the inaccuracies encountered when preparing small volumes of injectable medications frequently used in veterinary practice. Greater experience does not guarantee greater accuracy. Clinically significant errors of at least ± 20% are common, especially when preparing very small volumes.
Choose the correct needle and syringe size for your medications https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/264/5/javma.25.05.0345.xml Don't use a 2 inch long needle and a 20ml syringe for a subcutaneous vaccine dose of 1 ml.