Device takes a dunking & doesn't work?
Dropping your phone or tablet into a pool, or spilling a glass of water or coffee on a laptop is a sure way to render the device as dead as a dodo.
Water damage is unfortunately not covered under many basic warranties, & in many of its devices Apple places liquid sensors to determine if a device has been exposed to water or other fluids if it's being serviced. As a result, many times if you've dunked or doused your device, it may be an immediate sign that you'll be shelling out some cash for a new one, but not always.
(Credit: Apple) When liquids come in contact with the circuits, the currents can be inadvertently diverted (shorted) to other system components where there can be two possible routes: a burnout, or a grounding. When a burnout happens, a higher-current circuit (such as that from a power-handling circuit) is allowed to go through a more delicate circuit that was not designed for high currents, resulting in the circuit components overheating & melting.
When a grounding short happens, the current from a circuit is merely diverted through the liquid to an alternate location that is able to handle the load, such as the computer chassis or one of many grounding circuits on the motherboard & computer components. Shorts that directly ground a circuit have less potential for harming the circuit since the grounding components are built to handle higher current loads.
Liquids have a chance of doing either of these types of shorts, but often when they penetrate a device the components are just grounded instead of burned out. As a result, if you are able to dry your system thoroughly, then you have a chance of clearing the shorts & possibly restoring functionality, especially if the liquid is relatively free of salts that even if dried can form conductive crusts that may continue to short the circuits.
Unfortunately liquids can very quickly be pulled into the tight crevices & small components of circuit boards, aided by a process called "capillary action." Therefore, even if a device appears to be completely dry, there may still be a small amount of liquid left over, & if it shorts just one circuit, then the device may not operate properly.
Water evaporates through its contact with dry air, so to dry liquid fast it is best to have as much of it exposed to air as possible. Try submerging a comb into a bucket of water & then waiting for it to dry. You will see that the teeth will still hold water long after the rest of the comb is dry. In a similar manner, the comblike plugs & connections, & flat surfaces of components that are in close contact with each other will prevent the water's surface area from contacting air, & will thereby retain water between them long after the rest of the device is dry.
One way to clear this liquid out of a device is to open it up & separate all components, & then dry them off with air or absorptive materials; however, this is likely not a feasible option for many devices given the complexity involved in their complete disassembly & subsequent reassembly. Therefore, the other option for clearing out these liquids is to accelerate evaporation, which can be done by both drying out the air around the device as much as possible & by applying heat, and then waiting.
Desiccant options like iFixIt's new "Thirsty Bag" can very effectively clear liquids from electronics.
(Credit: iFixIt) Unfortunately many times people use methods for doing this that either are ineffective or that may damage the device. For instance, technically dried grains such as rice will absorb liquids, so people have used this as an available desiccant to dry out a device. However, rice is relatively ineffective at absorbing liquid from the air & may not be as much help as people think. Additionally, since heat helps water evaporate people have at times baked their devices in ovens or with hair dryers, resulting in melted components & burned circuits (memory circuits such as ROM & RAM are fairly susceptible to damage from overheating).
fixmypc.24ex deals with calls on liquid damaged laptops commonly by advising an immediate swich off, fast action with abdorbent paper towels & a complete total dry out of the dissasembled unit, internal inspection & clean before even considering any power up attempt after the rebuild of the unit as necessary.
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