Ivan spent almost forty five years persistently building a seemingly perfect life that is in tune with the Russian bourgeoisie, only to realize three months before his death, the perfect life does not exist. Ivan's incurable illness forces him to face the truth for the first time in his life. He became conscious of the fact the he lived a very faux lifestyle, and he resents his wife for continuing to hide behind shallow facades of aristocracy. During chapter nine, Ivan revisits his past, in an almost Christmas Carol fashion, and finds that, "all those best moments of his pleasant life seemed now not at all as they had seemed then" (Tolstoy,84). His growing affluence, materialism, and lack of emotional ability carved him into a hollow man, and as he sits on his death he cannot even recognize the man he become. Ivan's inner struggles about the summary of his life is the reason he fears death so intensely and will not be thrown into the black sack yet. Ironically as Ivan is physically dying, his spiritual or emotional being has resurfaced, and Ivan is reborn in a metaphysical sense. I also really appreciate Antonia's image of death in her post. She closes the gap between the idea of death and the actual reality that we are all going to die, much like Tolstoy. Tolstoy personifies death and pain in Ivan's life to show the real effects of dying without fulfilling a purpose.
Ivan's relationship with Gerasim also clearly expresses the dichotomy between the upper class and peasants. During Ivan's last three months, Gerasim tends to his health and well-being, while showing Ivan the utmost respect and dignity. Unlike his family and the expensive doctors, Gerasim acknowledges that Ivan is dying, and even proclaims that, "We'll all die" (Tolstoy, 77). Gerasim's lack of fear and straightforwardness about death stems from his social background. Because Gerasim places a higher value on human interactions and mutual relationships than job titles and material wealth, he has had a more fulfilling life than Ivan. By creating the contrast between characters of different socioeconomic backgrounds, Tolstoy asserts the premise that peasants have more meaningful lives without the strain of power and materialism. David brings up a great point that Ivan is barely surviving even with all his wealth and privilege. Tolstoy romanticizes being poor throughout the novel, which I find very problematic. The character development of Gerasim is very unilateral. Although Gerasim does appear to be happy in life, he most likely faces many problems that are much larger than Ivan's dilemmas.