#routing protocol

[kbrosis]

OSPF- Area Types

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) OSPF organizes the network into areas to improve scalability, efficiency, and manageability of Large and reduce the complexity of routing information exchange. OSPF area type configuration depends on the specific network design and requirements. Different areas provide different levels of control and routing information exchange, and they can be used to optimize…

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[kbrosis]

OSPF-LSAs and Topology Database

As a link-state routing protocol, OSPF uses a more structured mechanism to share routing protocols and does not depend on or follow routing-by-rumor as other routing protocols like RIP and IGRP. OSPF routers keep track of the status of links within their respective areas and neighbours and based on the link state SPF algorithm is run and the topology database is created. OSPF LSA Types What is…

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[kbrosis]

What is OSPF-Part-2

As we all are aware about OSPF Routing protocols and its basic features and characteristics. But OSPF is very Vast and useful protocol for every environment.  Here we will discuss about their advance features like Area type, Stater and DR/DBR selection. What is OSPF, DR & BDR OSPF Neighbor States Neighbor adjacencies will progress through several states, including: Down – indicates that no Hellos…

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[bookpiofficial]

Improved Routing Protocol for Health Care Communications: A Descriptive Study | Chapter  09 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 7

The use of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technology has substantially enlarged the possibilities for remote healthcare monitoring systems. WBAN devices have limited energy resources, and it is difficult to recharge or replace the batteries in the majority of them. WBAN data is largely medical information that requires great reliability, security, and minimal latency. Routing protocols play an important role in information transmission. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the optimal routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks by comparing the performance of routing protocols using static IEEE 802.15.4. According to research of several routing protocols, cluster structure and Ad hoc On Demand Vector (AODV) are the most likely candidates. When energy and mobility enhancements were implemented, a 16 percent reduction in energy utilisation was identified, resulting in high residual battery capacity and the elimination of the requirement for battery recharging. Author(S) Details Jayanthi K. Murthy Department of Electronics and Communication, B.M.S College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. V. Sambasiva Rao Department of Electronics and Communication, P.E.S Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V7/article/view/6066

[networkeducative]

Conclusion of IS-IS Protocol

Conclusion of IS-IS Protocol

IS-IS is a link state routing protocol that is pretty similar like OSPF. Routers send the hello packet for the maintaining of the neighbor adjacency. Nutt and bolts of the Intermediate System-Intermediate System:

Area Tag (Optional and Alphanumeric).

System ID (The Physical Address).

Area ID ( 16/32 bits)

There are three types of the routers in the IS-IS:

Level 1-2 routers have both role intra area and backbone.

Level 1 routers are the intra area routers.

Level 2 routers are the backbone routers.

Neighbor adjacencies are only built in between the same level routers. So the default level on the Cisco devices is Level 1-2. Every router generate the link state packets for each level that is configured. LSP contains the prefixes, neighbor adjacency, and metric. Level 1 LSPs are flooded with in area. Level 2 LSPs are flooded with in backbone area. Level 1-2 routers that are connected to the other area will set the attached bit in their level 1 LSP. Level 1 routers will generate the default route towards the level 1-2 router when they see the attached bit. Every router needs the Network Entity Title.

There are the four metric values:

Default Metric

Delay

Expense

Error

Cisco support the metric value default metric that is always 10 and that is the configurable parameter. IS-IS select the designated Intermediate system on the multi access networks and that selection on the base on the following points:

Interface priority

Highest SNPA

Physical Address on a LAN

DLCI on frame relay

System ID

There is no backup of the designated Intermediate system if another router has the highest priority, then it will frequently take a role of DIS. The DIS is responsible for the creating the pseudonode there are two responsibilities of the  pseudonode:

Creating pseudonode LSP

Creating the CSNP

Complete Sequence Numbers Protocol is sent every 10 seconds.Complete Sequence Numbers Protocol help the router to figure out the latest link state packets if they have otherwise, they request for updates to maintain the database.

[ultra-dangerousstrawberrybouquet]

How to: EIGRP Routing Protocol Implementation & Tutorial.Tech Guru Hubhttps://www.techguruhub.net/2021/05/how-to-eigrp-routing-protocol-implementation-tutorial/

How to: EIGRP Routing Protocol Implementation & Tutorial.Tech Guru Hubhttps://www.techguruhub.net/2021/05/how-to-eigrp-routing-protocol-implementation-tutorial/

[ijtsrd]

Wireless Sensor Network Protocol with PEGASIS GA to Enhance the Network Lifetime

by Dipak Prasad Poudel | Preeti Sondhi "Wireless Sensor Network Protocol with PEGASIS (GA) to Enhance the Network Lifetime"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38645.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/38645/wireless-sensor-network-protocol-with-pegasis-ga-to-enhance-the-network-lifetime/dipak-prasad-poudel

openaccessjournalofengineering, engineeringjournal, paperpublicationforengineering

This paper discusses the need for energy efficient communication in wireless sensor networks and identifies the key energy dissipation sources as well as countermeasures to ensure a long lifetime of the network. In remote and dangerous settings, wireless sensor networks can collect trustworthy and reliable information and can be used in national defence, military affairs, industrial control, traffic management, medical care, smart home, etc. The sensor whose resources are reserved is low cost and relies on the battery to supply energy, so it is necessary to use its power efficiently for routing. In this research work, first we use the greedy chain to implement the LEACH and PEGASIS Protocol and then we use the Genetic Algorithm to construct the data routing chain, which uses its parameters of crossover and mutation and finds an optimised data collection routing route. For the same number of nodes, the Genetic Algorithm increases the network lifespan. Simulations are performed and, on the basis of energy consumption and number of rounds, the effects of PEGASIS and Genetic Algorithm are compared with each other. 

[runtcpip]

Route This Way: OSPF

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