#scholarlysource2

[uniquecyn-blog]

Analysis of a Second Scholarly Source The second scholarly source that I chose to write about is called, “On the streets: the federal response to gay and transgender youth” by Nico Sifra Quintana, Josh Rosenthal, and Jeff Krehely. This article talks about both the gay and transgender population becoming homeless and how their lives are on the streets. Like I said before, it is very difficult to find a scholarly article that focuses on just the transgender population becoming homeless. Although this article does the very thing that Shannon Crossley might find aggravating, it was quite interesting. It talks about how becoming homeless at such a young can harm them in the future. When the transgender youth become homeless, they are at higher risk for sexual assault, harassment, mental health issues, and barriers to a free and appropriate education (Quintana, 2010). Usually when the transgender youth becomes homeless, they seek shelter in cars, shelters, public places, abandoned buildings, and other places that don’t seem appropriate for any human to live in (Quintana, 2010). Not only do they have to find a place to shelter themselves, but they also have to struggle with finding food and preventing themselves from becoming a victim of physical and sexual harassment (Quintana, 2010). Since most cities cannot handle the high demands for more homeless services and emergency shelters, they depend on the criminal justice system to take care of these homeless minors. Which is why transgender homeless youth are at a higher risk of either being incarcerated or committing a crime (Quintana, 2010). This doesn’t make sense because studies show that it costs a lot less to permanently move a homeless youth off the streets, ( which costs $5,887) than to maintain a youth in the criminal justice system for one year, (which costs $53,665) (Quintana, 2010). Since their homelessness can soon lead to incarceration, this leads to discrimination once they are incarcerated. A 2005 study has shown that the transgender inmates have reported being verbally, sexually and/or physically harassed by other inmates and the staff (Quintana, 2010). The same study has also shown that transgender youth report not being protected from unwanted sex that the staff forces upon them, and that they are more likely to be sexually assaulted while they are incarcerated. When the article starts to come to a close, it talks about how the federal government isn’t responding well to this problem. They’re not doing enough to “strengthen the safety nets for transgender youth to keep them from becoming homeless” (Quintana, 2010). The federal government is also failing to help this specific homeless population by not providing the proper funding to better these homeless services and shelters. Nondiscrimination regulations is also a big contributor to this issue, since they are not enforced in every state or people just don’t care enough to follow these rules, while the federal government doesn’t do anything to try to enforce them (Quintana, 2010). This article has touched a lot of aspects that deal with the transgender youth becoming homeless. Some things that I agree with these authors on is how the federal government is handling this situation. They aren’t really trying to provide any type of additional or proper funding so these homeless services can function properly, and they aren’t enforcing any nondiscrimination regulations that already do exist. There really isn’t anything that I disagree with, since the article mostly consisted of research and studies. Nico Sifra Quintana & Josh Rosenthal & Jeff Krehely (2010). On the streets: the federal response to gay & transgender homeless youth. https://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2010/06/pdf/lgbtyouthhomelessness.pdf

[workinggirl2016-blog1]

Post 4: Analysis of A second Scholarly Source 

http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/08056.pdf 

With this second scholarly source, two authors go into detail about the problems that women face in the workplace when trying to expand their professional career. The article mentions ideas such as gender stereotyping, role conflict, opposing leadership, and communication styles. These authors mention gender stereotyping and say that it is inevitable and must be dealt with. With leadership styles, women are more people oriented and men are more task-oriented. For role conflict, it was said that women who face issues dealing with home life and work life need more support or a flexible schedule to help maintain balance.

Near the middle of the article, the authors mention how women should stand up and be courageous when in the workplace, but displaying that kind of behavior can come off as “too aggressive”. With being courageous, women must be accountable for their actions, and show what they bring to the table. That is what makes them courageous. They also mention how childcare should be addressed and there should be some more fine tuned policy of leave time for workers.

Lastly, they talk about mentoring programs to help women achieve advancement in the workplace. When these women come out of college and begin their career, that is the perfect time for them to mentored. It helps women to be more sociable and make their way through the work world.

From what I read, I can say that I agree with some of what they were talking about. Yes, there should be opportunity for women to be mentored to help advance their career, but not because they are solely women. Men can have the same opportunity, but the difference is, higher up employees can choose who they want to mentor and most of the time they pick a male employee. What I don’t agree with was that fact that women are going to have gender stereotyping in the workplace and they just have to deal with it. So just accept the fact that others are going to judge you for being a women and that can forever hold you back from succeeding in your career? No Thanks. You can have to fight that stereotyping, that oppression. If you just accept it, you just supporting the imbalance between the males and females in the workplace. I also don’t agree with the fact that because men and women have different leadership or communication styles suddenly that is a problem. If anything, that is the opportunity to prove that change is better than doing things the same way. Because of the fact that men dominated the workforce in the beginning and women have been fighting their way into it, it’s hard to change what has already been done. It was said that men communicate differently, or lead differently but that doesn’t make it a bad thing. Women use their skills and what they know to show higher rank employees that their way works. Because their skills are different, it makes employers see them as a risk. Taking a risk can have a high price, and when choosing new leaders, employers like to keep it safe and be assured that nothing bad will happen with their choice. Hence why men are more likely to be picked for promotion than men.               

[letstalkaboutconversionther-blog]

Post 4: Analysis of Second Scholarly Source

       In this journal entry by Lewin and Meyer, they discuss the “ill-treatment and torture” of folks in general based on their sexual variance and identities. There is discussion in the journal about the need for protection of people from these horrible treatments and other forms of discrimination but also how it is up to people in the medical field such as doctors, therapists, and the very institutions themselves to protect people from these forms of danger. This is important in exposing the power dynamics between medical professionals and the patients. These people in the medical field may have a lot of influence on patients that are in a vulnerable state.

           Included in this source is a narrative of a man who joined the military and was admitted to a hospital under suspicion of being homosexual. This man was then forced into conversion treatments. He was outed to the military as well as family which he stated was traumatic for him and his loved ones. This was sued in the article to show that it is part of the duty of systems like the medical ones to protect folks rather than exposing them. The authors also formed a list of ways the government could hold institutions accountable for proper care and support of all patients. On this list was the protection of minors from harmful treatments due to lack of consent.

           This source was useful in that it doesn’t necessarily place all the blame on the medical field but it does expose what they and the government could do to help protect people from treatments that could be physically and mentally harmful. I agree with the idea that there is this power difference that gives one side a lot of influence which can be helpful and dangerous depending on what people do with that power. I was however, a little disappointed with the lack of discussion of consent being an issue. Yes, there was mention of protection of minors, but if I were studying this topic for the first time I feel that I would want some expansion on why minors specifically need protection.

reference: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4065319.pdf?acceptTC=true

[sexeducation-yp-blog]

The article discusses how Massachusetts is the only state that has addressed the safety on sexual minorities, they have the program Safe Schools Program for Gay and Lesbian Students (SSP) which was created in 1993. Their goal is to promote a safe environment in schools to enhance the students learning. Another goal they have is that all the members of the school are informed and sensitized to have a sexual diverse climate (SDC). The article is based on a study done in Massachusetts to see if the SSP programs implemented in schools in the state have helped in having a sexual diverse climate. Based on their findings they concluded that in all the schools that had at least one of the recommendations the SSP had felt like they had a safer school with a less sexually prejudiced environment than in those that did not have any. They said that researchers had come to conclude that the environment students were in affected their learning. They found that schools that were more prejudice of nonconforming students had lower school performances, had high dropout rates, faced physical violence and psychological stress.

I agree that there should be more programs like this one to help have schools that are more diverse so that people can be more sensitive towards each other, especially to those who identify as LGBTQ. I feel like if they have programs like these and sex education classes students will be informed and they will not judge others for their identity. If they learn to have a sexually diverse community in schools they can learn to do the same outside of school as well. One of the things I disagree with was that the program seemed to focus more on gay men and lesbian women. I feels like there should be programs that encompass all LGBTQs and looking at racial minorities as well because everyone’s experiences are different.  

Why do other states not follow this state’s example and try doing something similar? Why do they focus more on lesbian women and gay men?

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1086/377673.pdf?acceptTC=true

[gws203-blogproject-blog]

Pictured above is a picture of multiple colors of hands which represents the inclusion of all sexual and gender identities.

4th post—Analysis of a second scholarly source

“Queer Visual Culture Texts” by James H. Sanders argues how queer readings of film and broadcast media production of the 20th and early 21st century can be valuable to art educators that want to be inclusive of all sexual minorities. Sanders also talks about how visual art educators have the authority to start discussions regarding the LGBTQ community and perform social justice through this act while committing to the human rights of all students (Sanders, 44).

I agree with the idea that being inclusive of film and media production and “art” of LGBTQ people in their curriculum, art educators would be providing for much more inclusive, less discriminatory lessons. There is nothing from the article that I disagree with.

A couple questions a thinking person who cares about LGBTQ studies may ask in regards to this article could be to ask if the author would include the LGBTQ histories of color? Would this specific history be separate from other LBGTQ people’s history? How exactly can an art educator incorporate LGBTQ people into their discussion? To make an educated guess on the answer to these questions I would probably guess that Sanders either wasn’t going to include people of color or didn’t think it was necessary to mention LBGTQ people of color as separate, but I think that would be a good idea. I’m guessing that Sanders wouldn’t separate LGBTQ history of people of color from other LGBTQ histories because he didn’t separate them in his article. Sanders may say that a way to implement LGBTQ people in art curriculum would be to simply start discussions about their work.

This scholarly source differs from my scholarly source Trans(Per)forming Nina Arsenault: An Unreasonable Body of Work in the way that this source poses ways in which art educators can be more inclusive of sexual minorities in his article while the book on Arsenault focuses on the analyzation of Arsenault and her work as a transgender artist.

This article relates to material we’ve discussed in class in the way that we’ve brought up how sex education is barely available to any student let alone sex education for the LGBTQ community. In this way there’s probably small amounts of art history on LGBTQ people compared to non-LGBTQ people.

[race-andtranswoc-blog]

ANALYSIS OF A SCHOLARLY SOURCE: UNRAVELING INJUSTICE: RACE AND CLASS IMPACT OF MEDICAID EXCLUSIONS OF TRANSITION-RELATED HEALTH CARE FOR TRANSGENDER PEOPLE

     This article is coauthored by two attorneys who work for the Sylvia Rivera Law Project representing gender-nonconforming, transgender and intersex people of color. This organization aids specifically in assisting attaining access to identity documents, immigration, dealing with Medicaid and discrimination in sex-segregated places and institutions, the paper focuses on dealing with Medicaid. This introduction describes the importance of access to healthcare specifically for transgender people who use Medicaid, the article also explicitly states that not all transgender individuals want or need access to transition related health care, however there is a large portion of the community who does need and want access to these resources. I will be discussing the author’s examinations of government and state regulatory exclusions of transition-related health care and the ramifications of that, the consistent medicalization of trans people, and how legal systems legitimize or delegitimize trans people based on access to the discussed medical care.     

     There are 24 states whose Medicaid policies specifically exclude transition related health care practices. These exclusions may include surgery specifically; others may include any sort of transition related health care including electrolysis, laser hair removal or hormones. There are 21 addition states that vaguely reference a lack of coverage concerning cosmetic or experimental procedures. The loose terms surrounding this definition lead way for an oppressive use of said definitions in order to deny transition related health care. According to the authors referenced statistics, only 58% of the sampled transgender population were employed in paying jobs. That is a percentage that marks some of the seriousness surrounding the disproportionate lack of resources and access to financial stability that transgender people currently face. The author discusses the effects of criminalization of transgender people without access to the health care they need. Often time low-income transgender people can only find an adequate source of income in sex work or other survival crimes. Subsiding off survival crimes often means you are more susceptible to violence. Low-income sex workers have been beaten, raped, attacked or killed while working. Transgender women of color are also often profiled by police as sex workers regardless what their profession and can be falsely arrested. Transgender people can also be arrested for using the “incorrect” bathroom. These types of arrests are more common among transgender people who do not have access to transition related health care due to a low income because they are more easily distinguished visibly as transgender. Prison and jail systems also perpetuate violence specifically for transgender people who are disproportionately targeted for physical violence, harassment, and sexual abuse by officers and other inmates. This means transgender people with a low income are more likely to have a criminal background. With a criminal background you are then put in a position where it is more difficult to obtain housing, appropriate identity documents, employment or benefits. This perpetuates the poverty of transgender individuals. Transgender people who then find themselves in poverty, or specifically homeless then also may face oppression and violence within homeless shelters. Within homeless shelters they are often facing higher rates of sexual abuse and violence and thus choose to live on the streets instead. They are often again more venerable to this violence and discrimination because of they may be more easily perceived as transgender. Homeless shelters, jails, juvenile detention centers, rehab facilities, and foster care systems can all be gender segregated facilities. Without access to transition related health care, all of these systems can perpetuate gender dysphoria as well as emotional and physical trauma.  

     The current legal system views transgender people specifically in relation to a medical model. Identity can be determined specifically by ability to supply proof of medical transitioning. Certain rights are then allocated on the basis of that legal identity. This then implies there is often a necessity to have the ability to supply evidence of transition related healthcare, without giving transgender people the access they need to said healthcare. This access is only slimmer if you are low-income, a person of color or both. This catch 22 applies to most transgender people, but is specifically relevant for low income-transgender people. The authors highlight the fact that this medicalization of transgender bodies is very similar to the medicalization of disabled bodies. This medical model works by distinctly othering individuals who do not fit into societies expectations of bodies. This essentially highlights the backward means of addressing issues that transgender and disabled people might face in society as a ramification of their “illness” instead of an effect of a society lacking of inclusionary practices. This also works towards the lack of understanding of each person as an individual and supports lumping all transgender or disabled people together, while each “normal” persons individuality remains intact. A transgender person’s legal identity, specifically involving gender almost always requires the support of medical evidence of transition related surgeries. This includes state ID’s, Drivers licenses, passports, birth certificates, green cards, social security cards, and employment or benefit verification cards which all represent the persons legal gender. All of these forms of identification allow one access to safety, employment and housing and diminish your chances of being arrested. The continued criminalization of transgender people, along with the personal strain that comes with living in poverty, and lack of access to identification can also play a role in one’s ability to vote, participate in elections or promoting political parties and protesting which are all means of attempting to implement radical social change in their current situation. Having an ID that does not match what is your perceived gender can lead to accusations of theft, arrest, harassment, and generally vilification and humiliation.        

     The authors overall message is that those who want and need access to health care should be able to access respectful, quality and cheap or free healthcare regardless of social factors. The exclusionary practices of Medicaid in regard to transition related health care further embed transgender people of color into a transphobic racist system that perpetuates poverty and violence. Medicaid is made to benefit low income people but the current practices need to be modified to be more inclusive, because the reality of the policies currently are that they are in fact not benefiting certain populations, but in opposition further cementing the addressed parties in poverty. The authors did an excellent job covering this topic, I agreed with their thesis. I do of the dynamics of wish they would perhaps denote more pointedly the effects that this violence has specifically on transgender women of color, they did mention at one point their higher likelihood to be profiled as sex workers but that was essentially all of the mention of the specifics violence in reference to transgender women and transgender men.

[domesticviolenceinindia-blog]

photo taken from www.mitchellareasafehouse.org

Scholarly article 2: Addressing Domestic Violence against Women: An Unfinished Agenda

by ja

The second article that I analyzed is called “Addressing Domestic Violence against Women: An Unfinished Agenda” published in Indian Journal of Community Medicine. This article examines the effect and implication of domestic violence on women. The article starts by discussing how the cost of domestic violence is huge, yet its been ignored and less understood. The article describes domestic violence as misusing power to control another. The problem the article stating is that domestic violence affects women psychologically, physically, emotionally, and overall a poor health. This article also seeks support of the same data from India’s National Family Health Survey-III as the first article I analyzed used which indicates that more than 30% married women experience domestic violence. Some important factors that leads domestic violence are how women are portrayed weak and easily exploited, cultural mores, religious practices, economic and political conditions, observing violence at home while growing up, peer pressure, gender imbalance, hyper masculinity and strength, gender roles, patriarchal power structure and how it makes women less equipped to protect themselves from violence, men-dependence, and the mentality of men to punish wives to bring good order in the house(Kaur).

           Then this article discusses about some heath implications of domestic violence on women pointing out how it disables women as cancer and surpassing the effects of traffic accidents and malaria combined. Woman’s physical, mental, reproductive, and sexual health are negatively affected which leads to gynecological problems, disabilities, depression and even suicide. As victims are constantly verbally abused, overtime it become difficult for them to recognize the severity of abuse therefore advantaging the abuser. There is a significant effect on women’s reproductive health. Many men who abuse women at home might be engaged in extramarital activities thus increasing the chances of infecting the wives with HIV and STD’s since many men doesn’t use condoms. More over, many women are prohibited from getting treatments. Another effect is the increased number of miscarriages and unhealthy kids due to the unplanned pregnancies often caused by husband forcefully having unprotected sex with wives. And in other cases it leads to death of mother. The psychological effects are as damaging as the physical effects. Women lose their self esteem and self confidence and lose hope in living and often that leads to suicide. The physical and mental condition often prevent women from following educational and career pathways thus stopping them from contributing to the overall economy because one incidence of violence translates into women losing seven working days according to studies. This some times leads to poverty and loss of faith in institution of family and these often negatively affect the children and their future. Children who witness domestic violence are more subjected to use violence in public, suicide, do crime, use drugs, and more likely to be an abuser in future. Some of the reasons the article points out why women still stay is that they can’t sustain themselves without their husbands and divorce is not a socially preferable option. Fear of getting hurt by the husband for telling others family secrets is another reason. And some women taught themselves they deserve the beatings(Kaur).

As the articles ends, it gives some important ways of addressing domestic violence. it needs a multi-sectorial approach. Addressing immediate women needs and long-term follow-up and changing cultural norms are important. The health sector plays an important role in giving awareness to women and the health professional in identifying violence early as an underlying cause of health problems, and giving appropriate care in a respectful manner where they won’t get stigmatized. The public professionals should start by diminishing gender inequalities with use of media and using their networks to provide support to the women who comes out for help. This relates to what Bornstein said in “Gender Outlaw” that gender is the basis of patriarchy and doing away with gender and the injustices It perpetrated is key to to doing away patriarchy. Only by destructing the current system of imbalance we can stop the struggles for women’s rights. In addition, more studies and researches are needed to support policy making and planning. Even though the Indian government brought out new laws that prevent domestic violence, enforcing it in the true sense is the main challenge(Kaur).

Overall, this article did a nice job at pointing out some of the main impacts of domestic violence on women. I liked how it eventually made us think that effects are not only on women, but also the whole family and thus the society. I totally agree with the articles’ argument on how domestic violence shape society by impacting children and their future. I think it can be considered as one of leading cause and effect of domestic violence. Because boys who see their father beating their mother and it is justified, it gives that confidence of hurting a girl because he knows there is no consequence for doing that. And as he gets older and married he would do the same thing to his wife. And the wife would most probably tolerate all the beating because what she has seen in her mother is the same. Not only men cause harm to their wives, they probably be more likely to commit crime to others and use illegal drugs. Thus causing damages to the society. So I liked how this article argued domestic violence not just stop at women it affects how a society is shaped. But one question that might be raised from reading this article is that does the lack of health field reaching out to the women who got abused only happens in rural areas or does it also lack in urban areas. I would say women who experience domestic violence in urban areas are afraid to get help with the health conditions because of the fear related to stigma thus not wanting others to know what’s happening inside the house and this might prevent health systems reaching out to them. The approach of this article was to bring out the effects of domestic violence on women and society which differs from the previous sources I analyzed which mainly focused on the statistics and causes of domestic violence.

source cited

Kaur, Ravneet, and Suneela Garg. "Addressing Domestic Violence against Women: An Unfinished Agenda." Indian J Community Med Indian Journal of Community Medicine 33.2 (2008): 73. Web. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784629/>.

Bornstein, Kate. Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print.