May 19, 2024
Brain Images Just Got 64 Million Times Sharper (Ultra-Sharp Brain Scan, Duke University)
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Brain Images Just Got 64 Million Times Sharper (Ultra-Sharp Brain Scan, Duke University)
Computerised tomography (CT) image of a great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) chondrocranium.
Photo credit: Friday Harbor Laboratories
Marmoset brain imaging (Translational Medicine, Monash University)
NanoCT slices of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris. Anterior is left (in a-c), dorsal is up (in all images except for c). The slices have a voxel size of 270 nm (in a, c and e), and 200 nm (in b and d), respectively. a Sagittal view through the midline of the body showing the digestive tract. The transition between the midgut and hindgut is marked by the attachment sites of the Malpighian tubules. b Sagittal view through the head region showing the pharynx and the lumen of the buccal tube. c Horizontal view through the ventral body (at the level of the ganglia) showing the second and third leg pairs. The trunk ganglion in each segment lies anterior to the legs of the same segment. Notice the thick ventral longitudinal muscles. d Transverse view through the head region showing the pharynx, a large storage cell, and paired dorsoventral muscles. e Transverse view through the third trunk segment showing the large midgut and paired dorsoventral muscles. Notice how the storage cell labeled in e shows a relatively homogeneous gray value while that in d appears hollow. Abbreviations: br, brain; bt, buccal tube; cg, claw gland; cl, cloaca; es, esophagus; hg, hindgut; le1-le3, legs one to three; mg, midgut; mt, Malpighian tubules; mu, muscle; ph, pharynx; sc, storage cells; sg, salivary glands; tg1-tg2, trunk ganglia one and two. Scale bars: 20 μm (in a), 10 μm (in b and c), 5 μm (in d and e) (Gross, Vladimir & Müller, Mark & Hehn, Lorenz & Ferstl, Simone & Allner, Sebastian & Dierolf, Martin & Achterhold, Klaus & Mayer, Georg & Pfeiffer, Franz. (2019). X-ray imaging of a water bear offers a new look at tardigrade internal anatomy. 5. 10.1186/s40851-019-0130-6.)
(A) SR-PCI data of a left human cochlea. 3D Slicer (www.slicer.org, version 4.10.1)13 was used to create a detailed 3D representation including intra-cochlear soft tissue. The basilar membrane and spiral ganglion were segmented, and the frequency coordinates were calculated using Greenwood’s formula14 and dendrite tracing. (B,C) For the spiral ganglion, the dendrites were traced from the basilar membrane to make a corresponding frequency map (shown with color scale). Note the angle of dendritic connections are not radial to the mid-modiolar axis in the apical and basal region (denoted by *). (D) Representative tomographic X-ray section showing the segmented round window (red), neural elements (yellow) and basilar membrane (green). GIMP 2 (www.gimp.org) was used to create the figures. (Source: Li, H., Helpard, L., Ekeroot, J. et al. Three-dimensional tonotopic mapping of the human cochlea based on synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging. Sci Rep 11, 4437 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83225-w)
Phase-contrast imaging data showing the ear membrane and auditory nerve in the cochlea. The octave bands are shown in different colours. Humans can perceive frequencies from 20 Hz (the top of the coil) to 20,000 Hz (the base of the coil). (Courtesy: Hao Li) Source: Advanced X-ray imaging creates sound-frequency maps of the human inner ear
"In this synchrotron imaging, we can see how the basilar membrane (green), that is set in motion by sound, ends in the base near the round window (red). Nature, ingenious as always, found a way to suspend this membrane basally so that round window motions do not interfere with the super-sensitive basilar membrane that transmit mechanical vibrations to the sensory cells with nanometer precision." Source: Incredible Synchrotron Imaging: New Findings in the Human Cochlea | Prof. Helge Rask-Andersen
Scanning electron microscope images of various microscleres and megascleres of demosponges (via Wikipedia)