Lead Belly: Song by Song - Rock Island Line
“The Rock Island line. These boys cuttin’ with poleaxes. One man’s cutting right-handed. He’s standing on the opposite side of the other man. The other man cut left-handed. He’s standing the other side. And these boys gonna sing about the Rock Island line, which is a mighty good road to ride. And in that road the man gonna talk to the depot agent when he’s comin’ out of the cut with that Rock Island line train freight coming back from Mullaine (sic) this a way. That man blows his whistle down there different than people blow whistles here. He’s gonna talk to that depot agent and he’s gonna tell him something. When that switch falls over the line, means for that freight train to go into the hole. Man’s gonna talk to him.” – Lead Belly
Sheet music for Lonnie Donegan’s version of “Rock Island Line” (Courtesy of the John Reynolds Collection)
In October 1934, Lead Belly was traveling with John Lomax and his son Alan, acting as their driver. During a trip to record convicts at Cummins State Farm in Gould, Arkansas, Lead Belly first heard “Rock Island Line,” a song later closely associated with him. Kelly Pace and a group of prisoners performed it as a work song; that recording is in the Library of Congress. After Lead Belly learned the song, he added the narrative about depot agents and the train, turning it back into a railroad song, as it originally dealt with the railroad line running across Arkansas. It became a hit in 1955 for British musician Lonnie Donegan, kicking off the skiffle craze. Donegan had recorded it with the Chris Barber Band in 1954 after hearing the Library of Congress recording borrowed from the American Embassy in London. Comedian Stan Freberg also recorded a takeoff on the song in an effort to make fun of the whole folk singing phenomenon.
The Rock Island Line was opened to Rock Island 161 years ago today.
“Rock Island Line” – Johnny Cash, 1969
“Rock Island Line” was first recorded by Lead Belly in 1937. Lonnie Donegan another popular version in England in 1954; this recording led to start of “skiffle craze.” Other versions have been recorded by Odetta, Bobby Darin, Stan Freberg as a song parody, Brothers Four, Johnny Cash, The Weavers, Little Richard with Fishbone (“Folkways - A Vision Shared”), and Chris Thomas King.
“Rock Island Line” – Lead Belly
Text credit to Jeff Place, author of the Lead Belly: The Smithsonian Folkways Collection liner notes.