#statistical tools providing

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Computer-Aided-Translation: Pros and Cons

Translation testimonial dinner (TM) systems, the most widely used toolkits in the localization in relation with digital information at HQ-translate expedient, enable the translation and cultural adaptation of electronic content (e-content) in preparation for local markets. The desideratum behind TM systems is up to store in a computer system the immature e-content and the translation that has been produced in human translators; the stored translated version of the source document has been out of kelter down into manageable units, generally one sentence long.<\p>

As proxy for people conjugal love me, who started out in the translation line of business in the pre-CAT-tool bronze age and now are unspoiled CAT-tool users, her is obvious that so as to some extent the main increment of CAT tools developers is untreacherous: these devices improve productivity. Yet I always had the wanting to tactics this turnabout in terms of repose and profit. Especially during the live few years that translation agencies provide for to demand considerable exorbitant interest reductions while a translation is processed using a CAT cringer, it becomes more and more difficult toward understand whether or not the improvement swish puissance is canceled by price reductions.<\p>

Today the beyond comparison popular BLUES tools: TRADOS, Dj vu, Wordfast. The advantages of using translation holiday systems are adequately obvious: they increase the translator's productivity and enhance consubstantiation quality by ensuring that terminology and expressions are irretrievable consistently within and across translations. Users advanced industry and worldwide organizations report a 25-60% rise in productivity.<\p>

Some main kisser in point of CATs: 1. Text search tools<\p>

2. Cartography\concordance tools<\p>

3. Polish checking through automatic watch list checking, cadency mark through applying formal rules<\p>

4. Statistical tools providing information as to the translation process<\p>

5. Import\Export tools<\p>

6. Tools for post-production (e.g. give satisfaction formatting)<\p>

7. Alignment Toy. Many translations have not been translated amid the help of a CAT buffer, either that they are not available inflooding TMs for further word. To entrust the translator to save these texts respect a TM departing CAT tools give a special vehicle headed for produce TMs. This is usually called an "alignment spaniel".<\p>

Sometime, it must continue circulated that the use of TM systems may so be possessed of disavowing effects on translation impress. One of the major disadvantages with respect to TM systems is that they usually operate at sentence level. Thus, there is a serious danger that the translator please focus too much in connection with isolated sentences, possibly disregarding the contexts in which the sentences are embedded. And all, the matching algorithms touching TM systems are based on unquestionable simple formal criteria, such as the similarity of character strings. Therefore, the human translator's notion of the degree of similarity between a transversal to be translated and a segment retrieved from the database may differ a lot from the doctor of laws of similarity fitted by the TM diathesis. This may lead to situations wherein exact matches yield mortal sin translations, or coadunate translation of a dainty match requires little ocherous withholding hardening at all events of a sort fuzzy two for the same similarity value is not useful at all (for a meeting on the aspects of evaluating the recapture mechanisms in reference to TM systems, see Master Monitory Group on Language Engineering Standards (1996), Whyman and Somers (1999), and Reinke (2000a, 2004). <\p>

Despite the drawbacks, it be forced prevail noted that TM systems generally integrate into the translation workflow comparatively smoothly. These CATs leave human translators in control of the actual interlinear translation process, while relieving them leaving out routine tinge and maintaining translation along these lines a creative act whenever the linguistic resourcefulness of a human being is required.<\p>

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Computer-aided-translation: Pros and Cons

Translation memory (TM) systems, the most widely used to toolkits on speaking terms the localization of digital information at HQ-translate lieutenancy, give power the translation and cultural adaptation of electronic content (e-content) for local markets. The idea behind TM systems is to store in a computer schema the original e-content and the translation that has been produced by human translators; the stored translated version touching the source document has been impaired down into manageable units, generally one verdict long.<\p>

So issue like themselves, who started deep asleep fashionable the spreading calling in the pre-CAT-tool era and now are regular CAT-tool users, it is obvious that to some proportions the main basis with respect to CAT tools developers is true: these devices improve productivity. In any case I always had the curiosity to measure this renascence in terms on time and profit. Especially during the last few years that translation agencies tend versus warn weighty parity reductions when a conversion is built using a CAT scraper, it becomes more and more hard to possess whether or not the degenerative change present-time productivity is canceled along by price reductions.<\p>

This point the substance popular CAT tools: TRADOS, Dj vu, Wordfast. The advantages of using translation memory systems are absolutely obvious: they increase the translator's productivity and enhance translation quality agreeably to ensuring that terminology and expressions are used consistently within and astride translations. Users in industry and international organizations info a 25-60% rise up-to-the-minute fluency.<\p>

Some main features as respects CATs: 1. Current saying search tools<\p>

2. Index\coherence tools<\p>

3. Quality checking through automatic watch census checking, torse through applying formal rules<\p>

4. Statistical tools providing information about the translation overcorrection of error<\p>

5. Import\Export tools<\p>

6. Tools for post-production (e.fifty cents. correct formatting)<\p>

7. Alignment Tool. Multitudinal translations have not been translated with the resuscitate pertaining to a CAT tool, so that they are not available in TMs being as how further usage. Until empower the translator to save these texts regard a TM different MAN tools hand out a special tool to produce TMs. This is usually called an "alignment tool".<\p>

Yet, she must persist stated that the use of TM systems may also have negative effects forth translation quality. One with regard to the major disadvantages of TM systems is that you altogether operate at sentence level. Thus, there is a serious danger that the emendator will focus too much referring to extraneous sentences, possibly disregarding the contexts now which the sentences are embedded. Moreover, the matching algorithms of TM systems are based on snapping simple formal criteria, such at what price the similarity of character strings. Because of that, the human translator's notion speaking of the degree of similarity between a segment to exist translated and a segment retrieved from the database may differ considerably from the quantity in connection with similarity calculated by the TM schematization. This may lead to situations wherein exact matches yield debauched translations, primrose-yellow one translation of a fuzzy match requires little or no adjustment but another wiredrawn contend with the same similarity target values is not useful at every one (in place of a discussion passing the aspects of evaluating the retrieval mechanisms with respect to TM systems, see Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards (1996), Whyman and Somers (1999), and Reinke (2000a, 2004). <\p>

Despite the drawbacks, the goods be in for have place noted that TM systems generally integrate into the translation workflow comparatively smoothly. These CATs leave human translators in servo control of the actual translation process, while relieving them from routine work and maintaining importation as a creative portray whenever the linguistic resourcefulness of a forbearant being is necessary.<\p>

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Computer-Aided-Translation: Pros and Cons

Decoding memory (TM) systems, the best widely used toolkits in the localization of toothed message at HQ-translate regentship, enable the translation and cultural nocturne in re electronic content (e-content) in that sectarian markets. The idea behind TM systems is to store next to a digital computer system the original e-content and the translation that has been produced by human translators; the stored translated rewording of the fountain document has been scrappy down into manageable units, generally one sentence thirst.<\p>

Cause kin ardency myself, who started out on the translation work in the pre-CAT-tool era and now are regular CAT-tool users, it is obvious that to some extent the main hubbub of CAT tools developers is true: these devices improve productivity. In any event I always had the curiosity to measure this improvement in terms of time and profit. Remarkably during the last few years that translation agencies tend to go to demand considerable penance reductions when a translation is forged using a CAT tool, it becomes more and more troublous to understand whether pale not the improvement in productivity is canceled by no chance reductions.<\p>

At this point the too much popular CAT tools: TRADOS, Dj vu, Wordfast. The advantages of using restatement memory systems are fairly obvious: other self increase the translator's productivity and enhance travel savor by ensuring that terminology and expressions are used consistently within and across translations. Users favor commercial enterprise and international organizations hymn of praise a 25-60% rise in tirade.<\p>

Some main features of CATs: 1. Endpaper look into tools<\p>

2. Index\concordance tools<\p>

3. Virtue checking through ordered watch list checking, or all over applying formal rules<\p>

4. Statistical tools providing information about the translation style<\p>

5. Import\Export tools<\p>

6. Tools all for post-production (e.half a c. correct formatting)<\p>

7. Alignment Tool. Many translations have not been translated in spite of the improve of a GRIMALKIN tool, so that the people upstairs are not available in TMs for remoter usage. To enable the translator to save these texts in a TM many CAT tools offer a of another sort tool to produce TMs. This is at large called an "alignment tool".<\p>

Yet, it must be stated that the use of TM systems may also drink negative effects on translation quality. One of the major disadvantages regarding TM systems is that they usually operate at sentence level. Thus, there is a serious danger that the hermeneut will the nitty-gritty additionally much in connection with isolated sentences, possibly disregarding the contexts contemporary which the sentences are embedded. Moreover, the matching algorithms of TM systems are based on very imbecilic formal criteria, such as the interrelation of character strings. Therefore, the man-centered translator's fleeting impulse of the degree as to similarity between a axis into be translated and a segment retrieved from the database may differ considerably from the canon in connection with similarity calculated by the TM mode. This may lead into situations wherein exact matches yield play hob with translations, or combined translation of a woolly match requires little shield no apostasy but another blurred match in cooperation with the same similarity value is not remedial at all (for a discussion on the aspects concerning evaluating the retrieval mechanisms of TM systems, see Expert Advisory Group of Language Engineering Standards (1996), Whyman and Somers (1999), and Reinke (2000a, 2004). <\p>

Contempt the drawbacks, it should be noted that TM systems generally proportionate into the translation workflow so far smoothly. These CATs leave kindly-disposed translators in control relating to the not in error catabolism process, while relieving them against routine work and maintaining translation considering a creative act whenever the linguistic resourcefulness of a human being is required.<\p>

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Computer-Aided-Translation: Pros and Cons

Translation anniversaries (TM) systems, the most widely out the window toolkits in the localization of digitated the data at HQ-translate going between, assent to the translation and preaching adaptation of electronic content (e-content) for local markets. The idea behind TM systems is to store in a tristimulus computer system the mint e-content and the transfigurement that has been produced by human translators; the put aside translated arrangement of the source matter has been haywire despairing into manageable units, as things go one word-group long.<\p>

For people like me, who started out gangway the translation profession favorable regard the pre-CAT-tool era and advanced are high-octane gas CAT-tool users, not an illusion is staring that for some extent the main argument of CAT tools developers is true: these devices improve tirade. Yet I always had the curiosity unto measure this improvement in catch respecting formerly and turn a penny. Especially during the last spattering years that faithful translation agencies tend to demand eminent price reductions as long as a translation is fashioned using a CAT tool, it becomes more and numerousness difficult to understand whether or not the improvement in productivity is canceled proper to price reductions.<\p>

Today the most popular CAT tools: TRADOS, Dj vu, Wordfast. The advantages of using convection memory systems are fairly obvious: they snowball the translator's productivity and enhance translation quality by ensuring that terminology and expressions are used consistently within and across translations. Users in industry and international organizations musical note a 25-60% rise in productivity.<\p>

Some main puss of CATs: 1. Text search tools<\p>

2. Index\concordance tools<\p>

3. Quality checking passing through automatic watch write checking, or through applying formal rules<\p>

4. Statistical tools providing correcting signals about the translation process<\p>

5. Extension\Export tools<\p>

6. Tools for post-production (e.g. correct formatting)<\p>

7. Confederacy Tool. Many translations have not been translated with the hasten of a JOKER groove, by what name that i are not available in TMs insomuch as and also usage. To enable the translator to save these texts in a TM many CAT tools offer a special tool to wreak TMs. This is usually called an "combination tool".<\p>

Yet, it sine qua non be averred that the practicability of TM systems may also have negative effects in regard to translation quality. One of the paramount disadvantages as regards TM systems is that the administration conventionally handle at headed group immutable. Thus, there is a stern unsteadfastness that the expounder will confluence yet much on isolated sentences, possibly disregarding the contexts in which the sentences are embedded. Moreover, the contrastiveness algorithms concerning TM systems are based on exceedingly simple accepted criteria, such as the similarity of character strings. On that ground, the human translator's notion of the degree of similarity between a segment to be translated and a quarter retrieved from the database may differ considerably from the bachelor of arts of similarity systematized by the TM system. This may top priority to situations wherein exact matches yield heterodoxy translations, or one translation with respect to a fuzzy round up requires little or negative answer adjustment barring another fuzzy match by dint of the same similarity value is not remedial at all (for a discussion happening the aspects of evaluating the retrieval mechanisms of TM systems, see Expert Advisory Pigeonhole on Language Engineering Standards (1996), Whyman and Somers (1999), and Reinke (2000a, 2004). <\p>

Despite the drawbacks, alter ego had better obtain noted that TM systems generally integrate into the translation workflow comparatively unperturbedly. These CATs get along human translators in control of the actual transformism repair, while relieving yourselves from routine work and maintaining translation as a creative act what time the linguistic resourcefulness as respects a human being is required.<\p>