Working Principle and Signal Flow of Huawei STM-16 Boards
The SL16 consists of the O/E converting module, MUX/DEMUX module, SDH overhead processing module, logic and control module, power module.
O/E Converting Module
Converts the received optical signals into electrical signals, in the receive direction.
Converts the electrical signals into SDH optical signals, and then sends the SDH optical signals to fibers for transmission, in the transmit direction.
The SPI detects the R_LOS alarm and provides the laser shut down function.
MUX/DEMUX Module
In the receive direction, the DEMUX part demultiplexes the high rate electrical signals into multiple parallel electrical signals, and recovers the clock signal at the same time.
In the transmit direction, the MUX part multiplexes the parallel electrical signals received from the SDH overhead processing module into high rate electrical signals.
SDH Overhead Processing Module
This module includes the RST, MST, MSA, and HPT sub-modules. This module provides the inloop and outloop functions.
RST sub-module
MST sub-module
MSA sub-module
HPT sub-module
In the receive direction, the RST sub-module terminates the RSOH. That is, the RST sub-module detects the frame alignment bytes (A1 and A2), descrambles all the bytes except the first line of the RSOH, restores and checks the J0 byte, and checks the B1 byte.
In the transmit direction, the RST sub-module generates the RSOH. That is, the RST sub-module writes bytes such as A1, A2, and J0, calculates and writes the B1 byte, and scrambles all the bytes except the first line of the RSOH.
In the receive direction, the MST sub-module terminates the MSOH. That is, the MST sub-module generates the MS_AIS alarm and detects the MS_RDI alarm after detecting the K2 byte, and detects the MS_REI alarm and generates the B2_EXC alarm after checking the B2 byte.
In the transmit direction, the MST sub-module generates the MSOH. That is, the MST sub-module writes bytes such as E2, D4-D12, K1, K2, S1, and M1, and calculates and writes the B2 byte.
In the receive direction, the MSA sub-module de-interleaves the AUG, divides an AUG into N AU-4s, detects the AU_LOP alarm and the AU_AIS alarm, and performs pointer justifications.
In the transmit direction, the MSA sub-module assembles the AUG and generates the AU-4. N AU-4s are multiplexed into an AUG through byte interleaving.
In the receive direction, the HPT sub-module terminates the POH. That is, the HPT sub-module detects the HP_REI alarm after checking the B3 byte, generates the HP_TIM alarm and the HP_SLM alarm and detects the HP_RDI alarm after detecting the J1 and C2 bytes, and generates the HP_UNEQ alarm after detecting the C2 byte.
In the transmit direction, the HPT sub-module generates the POH. That is, the HPT sub-module writes bytes such as J1 and C2, and calculates and writes the B3 byte.
Logic and Control Module
Manages and configures the other modules of the board.
Performs inter-board communication through the internal Ethernet interface.
Traces the clock signal from the active and standby cross-connect units.
Controls the laser.
Passes the orderwire and ECC bytes through an ADM that consists of two paired slots when the GSCC is not in position.
Selects the clock signal and frame header signal from the active and standby cross-connect units.
Controls the indicators on the board.
Power Module
It converts the –48 V/–60 V power supply into the DC voltages that the modules of the board require.