Sixty years ago, Harold Wilson’s government secretly conspired with the Indonesian military as it conducted one of the postwar world’s worst
British declassified files show how Harold Wilson’s Labour government, together with the US government under Lyndon Johnson, were complicit in one of the worst slaughters in the postwar world. The killings in Indonesia started when a group of army officers loyal to President Sukarno assassinated several generals on 30 September 1965. They believed the generals were about to stage a coup to overthrow Sukarno. The instability provided other anti-Sukarno generals, led by General Suharto, with an excuse for the army to move against a powerful and popular political faction with mass support, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). It did so brutally: in a few months hundreds of thousands of PKI members and ordinary people were killed and the PKI destroyed. Suharto emerged as leader and instituted a brutal regime that lasted until 1998. The files show British opposition to the nationalist Sukarno and the PKI, and that it wanted the army to act and encouraged it. “I have never concealed from you my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an essential preliminary to effective change”, the ambassador in Jakarta, Sir Andrew Gilchrist, informed the Foreign Office on 5 October 1965.
17 October 2025
















