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Ninhursag: The Original Mother Earth
Ninhursag is one of the four creating deities in Sumerian religious belief (along with Anu, Enlil, and Enki) and is frequently mentioned in many of the most important Mesopotamian myths. She is among the most likely candidates for the original "Mother Earth" figure, developing from Nammu, as she is associated with fertility, growth, transformation, creation, pregnancy, childbirth, and nurture.
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⇒ Ninhursag: The Original Mother Earth
THIS is rad! (the AI pictures are annoying AF)
Ereshkigal: Mesopotamian Queen of the Dead
Ereshkigal, the Mesopotamian Queen of the Dead who rules the underworld, was responsible for both keeping the dead within her realm and preventing the living from entering and learning the truth of the afterlife. She was the most feared deity in the Mesopotamian pantheon because she represented one's final destination from which there was no returning. Ereshkigal is always represented in prayers and rituals as a formidable goddess of great power, but often in stories as one who forgives an injustice or a wrong in the interests of the greater good. In this role, she encouraged piety in the people who should follow her example in their own lives. If Ereshkigal could suffer injustice and continue to perform her tasks in accordance with the will of the gods, then human beings should do no less.
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⇒ Ereshkigal: Mesopotamian Queen of the Dead
Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi: A Single Moment Preserved in Time
Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi is a Sumerian cradlesong from the reign of Shulgi of Ur (2094 to circa 2046 BCE) written for one of his sons. Shulgi had three wives and six consorts who gave birth to 18 sons and 13 daughters whose names are known (there may have been more), and this piece could have been addressed to any one of the male children. The lullaby preserves a single moment in which the boy is being sung to sleep by his mother, who loves him and wishes only the best for him, just like any mother and her child today; and there they remain, in that moment, unchanged and unchanging after over 4,000 years.
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⇒ Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi: A Single Moment Preserved in Time
A Praise Poem of Shulgi: A Celebration of an Ancient Famous Run
Shulgi ran from Nippur to Ur (a distance of 100 miles/160.9 km) and officiated at Ur's religious festival and then ran back from Ur to Nippur on the same day, through a sudden storm, to preside over the festival there. He covered 200 miles (321.8 km) in a single day, a feat no other king could claim, and this was finally enough to assure Shulgi that his name would be honored by future generations.
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⇒ A Praise Poem of Shulgi: A Celebration of an Ancient Famous Run
Shulgi of Ur: Greatest King of the Ur III Period
Shulgi of Ur is regularly credited with either initiating or encouraging the rebirth of Sumerian culture known as the Sumerian Renaissance. While his father, Ur-Nammu, had presented himself to his people as a father-figure and guide, Shulgi claimed the status of a god. His reign is well documented as he had many scribes making inscriptions of his accomplishments, but this documentation has been challenged on the grounds of inaccuracy. While it does seem clear that Shulgi reigned well, the majority of the documents relating to the details of his rule were those he ordered to be set down, including the famous A Praise Poem of Shulgi. Later chroniclers would accuse him of impiety and falsification of records, but the archaeological evidence seems to support his version of his reign fairly well.
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⇒ Shulgi of Ur: Greatest King of the Ur III Period
Beer: The Drink Which Makes One's Heart Feel Light
Beer is one of the oldest intoxicating beverages. After human beings have taken care of the essential needs of food, shelter, and rudimentary laws for the community, their next immediate concern is developing intoxicants. Evidence of early beer brewing has been confirmed by finds at the Sumerian settlement of Godin Tepe in modern-day Iran, going back to between 3500 and 3100 BCE. The gods were thought to have given beer to humanity, and so beer was offered back to them in sacrifice at the temples throughout Mesopotamia. It was also used to pay wages and was consumed readily at religious festivals, celebrations, and funeral ceremonies. Beer was associated with good times as a drink that made one's heart feel light and allowed one to forget one's problems.
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⇒ Beer: The Drink Which Makes One's Heart Feel Light
Burial in Ancient Mesopotamia: Respect for the Living, Honoring the Dead
The afterlife in ancient Mesopotamia was a dim, gray world of inactivity in which souls were said to eat dust, drink from puddles, and stand or sit listlessly for eternity. Presided over by the goddess Ereshkigal (later with her consort Nergal), it resembled a prison far more than a paradise, and souls were thought to be ready to seize any opportunity to return to the light of the sun. Improper burial practices provided just such an opportunity, as Ereshkigal, who made sure the dead remained in her realm, could grant a soul a leave of absence to terrorize its relatives into tending to responsibilities they should have taken care of in the first place.
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⇒ Burial in Ancient Mesopotamia: Respect for the Living, Honoring the Dead
