#super 3g

[ryocutema]

Adakah awak yang melukis komik siri Hero Sri Bangsar ?

Tidak, style saya sangat berbeza.

[ashwor-blog]

It is the mobile phone of future generation that looks for the most appropriate software and hardware solution

The main trend of the mobile phone of future generation will be Turbo-3G (HSPA) , Super 3G (LTE - Long Term Evolution) And the introduction of the new service that new access technologies such as WLAN/WiFi,etc. and they expedited child delivery. Can reach the bandwidth of 2Mbps in theory in first generation 3G apparatus, and Super 3G bandwidth in theory will be up to 100Mbps. In true world network, the actual data speed can only reach 10% of theoretical value, it is constant and ripe and optimizing but with the network, this proportion will be raised to some extent. First generation Super 3G network is expected to realize commercialization in 2009 or 2010. The bandwidth of snowball will exert a great influence on the manufacture of the mobile phone, this is because these new access technologies are not merely difficult to realize in the software and hardware, and must coexist with present technology such as GSM, GPRS, first generation 3G and bluetooth. Besides different to integrate while being high-level while being technical, HSPA and LTE also the requirement for proposing higherly in the software and hardware platform that adopts new access technology. The mobile phone will need adopting new enhancement technology than one grade of growth of weak handling capacity, code and machine format index, thus prevent them from becoming and hindering or delaying bottlenecks that improve service development of ARPU, for example move music and TV, game on line, video / megapixel camera and video conference,etc.. With one grade of growth of new technical index, it has the physical dimension, longer battery service life and price that can be received similar to mobile phone sold now that consumers hope for the mobile phone. Meet all these requirements in the single products, this has undoubtedly brought the huge design challenge to mobile phone manufacturer. In a word, of future generation Mobile nearly all design constraint comes from these three top factors: Handle the characteristic, power consumption and price. Mobile phone manufacturers must equilibrate these to require, and choose appropriate technology to realize these demands, could make profits while putting out attractive products at reasonable price. Realize which the optimum software and hardware method of these technological trends are? For meet, deal with characteristic, power consumption, requirement of price, a series of new the intersection of kernel and operating system make can technical introduction will play a key role. The operating system serves for employing and offering different one in and interface, in order to visit hardware resource and communication interface of the mobile phone, it still supports a plurality of applied parallel running. So it has increasingly important key function in the handheld devices of future generation. The following is that some most important ones can enable technology: 1. " polykaryon " It is one grade of growth (because of frequency and required voltage of the stabilization system) of index with the increasing frequency with processor or DSP nuclear power consumption ,Make CPU frequency low and essential as much as possible. So, it is not to increase CPU frequency to meet to the solution of dealing with demand that the characteristic increases, but adopt a plurality of DSP and/or processor, this is usually called the polykaryon processor. The polykaryon processor has already become one kind of applied trends of the server for a long time, and been adopted in PC recently. The polykaryon will be also adopted in the mobile phone of future generation constantly: The polykaryon can increase efficiency; Total number of orders per second (MIPS) Nuclear characteristic is multiplied by the product of the kernel number in each one. The kernel operating frequency does not need to reach upgrade, this can guarantee the appropriate total power consumption. Present linear growth with the increase power consumption of the kernel number, but not one grade of growth (by virtue of the aforesaid) of index with the increase of the frequency . Measurement in characteristic adopt frequency in the future, " how many kernels " it will be probably be . In the ABC of grade of 3G mobiles, one DSP and a processor (ARM) It will be enough to deal with the fundamental main function. Support the mobile phone of future generation of advanced multimedia or high-speed 3G to have a plurality of DSP and/or processor, and the following different polykaryons are disposed: A. Antisymmetrical multiprocessing - AMP Each kernel independence, operate an operating system respectively, can dispose two kinds of different AMP: Isomerism AMP: Mean operating different operating systems on different kernels. This kind of disposition can realize and cut apart the function, will wait for the function and key code separation of characteristic to get on RTOS that a kernel will be operated in real time, advanced to employ code separation to run to operating systems such as Linux or Symbian on another different kernels,etc.. A piece of special circumstances of isomerism AMP is: An operating system (such as Linux) Can run on another (typical to have RTOS) master operating system Above, adopt the second kernel of fictitious machine emulation, thus make two different operating systems run on the same physical kernel. Isomorphism AMP: Mean operating the same operating system on all kernels. This is only a traditional distributed process framework realization way, adopt the high-performance IPC mechanism to be used in the kernel to communicate. B. Symmetrical multiprocessing - SMP In SMP, a plurality of kernel tight couplings, and is controlled by the single embodiment of the operating system. SMP makes the polykaryon device a processor from the viewpoint of software in essence " The kernel skill " ,So all OS functions are kept. Traditional SMP is not very suitable for the embedded real-time system, so one appears to call " bind SMP " now (BMP) Amended edition. BMP can make some application lock in a certain particular kernel, thus increase determinacy and overall characteristic. One that is with processor trend of polykaryon is obvious day by day, the mobile phone manufacturers who enter 3G market should choose to support single DSP, a plurality of DSP, monoprocessor kernel, the operating system of the even advanced polykaryon processor, thus make preparation for this kind of framework. The expansibility great of OSE real-time operating system of Enea, can run on RISC kernels such as DSP and ARM,etc.. It supports the isomerism and isomorphism AMP disposition based on LINX technology of Enea, and bind SMP. In addition, Enea also offers the virtual machine for OSE, thus allow the virtual operating system (Guest OS, such as Linux) Run on the kernel the same as OSE, and will not sacrifice the real-time performance. 2. " data / file management " A plurality of resting pictures using the megapixel camera to shoot on handheld devices, moving the video, downloading or transmitting the mobile television, moving music and other form contents, all these things use the case to propose the extremely high requirement to the file system performance of the mobile phone of future generation. Because present handling capacity is lower, the great of data rate, the filing system has already become one of the most key software parts in the mobile phone. If fail to well realize, the filing system will become a big bottleneck, and then it causes the maximal negative effect to experience the terminal user. In addition, the filing system can support any type of NAND or NOR flashing memory, and direct against the safety operation of collapse of the key file of system, these files can't be destroyed because of abrupt deenergization. The file needs to have interoperability between mobile phone and Microsoft Windows, this must accord with Microsoft VFAT/FAT32 standard in SD card / Memory Bar or USB memorizer. Usually, will need several filing system parallel running, each filing system uses the case or employs paying optimizing to being particular. Realize the high-performance flashing memory collapses the optimum alternative of the safe filing system adopts the filing system of daily record. Filing system (check-pointing based file system) based on check point of efficiency ratio of the filing system of daily record Lasting memory to consume characteristic to write / last handling ton this is because its realization all right maximum procedure much, thus realize and collapse the safe behavior. This filing system must also be realized to progressive support, high-speed catalogue operating, variable memory piece size support of downloading, concurrent implementation is used for reading and writing (wear leveling) equally And damage the flashing memory algorithm of block management. JEFF filing system of ENEA is only realized the commercial daily record filing system directed against the limited apparatus of resource. But development of demand for meeting the mobile phone of future generation of this system. ENEA has offered VFAT/FAT32 filing system used for Microsoft Windows interoperability. 3. " dynamic software download " The next technological trend is that the software reaches downloading technology (FOTA/SOTA) in the sky of the mobile phone . This will help mobile phone manufacturers introduce upgrading newly, error correction of the new functions or handheld devices already put on market, and does not need consumers to come over the service station in person. The downloading dynamically and installing in real time of OSE true-time operation system support application software of ENEA. Procedure even can mount onto, carry out (execute-in-place) while being on-chip directly Flashing memory (NOR) China. 4. " NAND on-demand paging (Demand Paging) Technology " NAND will most likely become major memory technology of the handheld devices of future generation, this is physical size, lower cost and cheaper manufacture process that because it is small and exquisite. But if there is not very mature software support from kernel operating system, NAND memory is unable to carry out codes very conveniently. This kind of operating system technology, because of the paging of on-demand (demand paging) Technology can be through the temporary page of copying the present page in use in RAM, to carry out nearly all medias (such as NAND) China's resident procedure. Particularly, this kind of function can construct " only NAND " Mobile phone. In addition, it has also brought maximal design flexibility to apparatus manufacturer in choice of the mobile phone NOR and/or NAND memory, totally depend on the stock situations of market price and chip. The characteristic or real-time key code can be locked and stored in the fast page memory overstepping one's bounds, thus improve speed of response and characteristic to the greatest extent. On-demand paging technique of OSE true-time operation system support NAND memory of ENEA. 5. " the memory among employing is protected " The mature operating system realizes different application (procedure) by MMU processor The memory of one is protected. Application of the robust carries out the environment after this has created one, in this kind of environment, if employ and collapse or the running status is very bad, it will not make the overall system close to employ. It returns the safety of the enhancement system. As to system stability, when the application, code and data of different sources must coexist in an apparatus, the memory while employing becomes more and more important to protect. The intersection of OSE and real-time operating system of ENEA support memory employ, protect totally, needn't change source code. Which does main design, testing or other of the technological implementation phase have to challenge? During the course of realizing, the master design challenge lies in predicting the bottleneck of the mobile phone of future generation, it contributes to solving the bottle cervically and can enable technology and integrate. Now, no mobile phone, manufacturers can develop all required technology by oneself, this will make them look for the commercial solution through the external world. Purchasing and integrating the top components from different suppliers becomes and constructs the basic demand of the high performance, efficiency and low-cost device. Less than companies of this of consciousness will be left in the race of the technical development behind. About the author: Marcus Hjortsberg Sell in Asia to the executive vice president Enea embedded technological company Source: With Africa net