A quick roadmap of the future
CENOZOIC ERA (0-65 million years forward)
500 Years in the Future: Global temperatures have increased, and sea levels have risen. Humans, which have been battered by war, disease, natural disasters, resource depletion, and a reversal in earth’s magnetic field, will soon be extinct on Earth. With them, at least 45% of all species present at the beginning of the Holocene do not make it to the end. But life will recover, as it always has.
50,000 Years in the Future: The Holocene interglacial ends as the world falls into another ice age. Or at least, it would, but thanks to humans temperatures fall to pre-Industrial Revolution levels. Nevertheless, the increased atmospheric carbon dioxide dissipates over the next few ice age/interglacial cycles, reaching a stable “status quo” level within around a million years. The Cenozoic glaciation will begin again.
40 Million Years in the Future: By now, the earth’s biosphere has long since recovered from the impact of humans, and life is thriving again. The continents, however, will not stand still for this. Antarctica departs its position at the south pole and moves towards South America. Since the Cenozoic glaciation is largely a consequence of the south pole being covered by land, the ice begins to melt, and a very long warm period begins.
HOTHOUSE ERA (65-215 million years forward)
100 Million Years in the Future: By now the world is warm and wet, with high sea levels, widespread swamps, and lush forests. A mass extinction has come and gone, and many charismatic groups of animals have either evolved or been replaced. The continents have hit their maximum amount of expansion - after this, the Atlantic Ocean will narrow, and the continents will move together again.
190 Million Years in the Future: By now the Atlantic is a shallow, narrow strip separating the Americas from Afro-Eurasia. The collisions of Africa and Australia with Eurasia have formed new mountain ranges. While the world is still highly forested, a brief dip in temperatures have caused sea levels to decline a bit. However, the continued movement of the continents will soon change the climate again and cause yet another mass extinction.
SUPERCONTINENTAL ERA (215-? million years forward)
240 Million Years in the Future: Welcome to Pangaea Ultima. 25 million years previously, the Atlantic Ocean finally closed. Now, there is one giant continent and one giant ocean. The center of Pangaea Ultima is a vast desert; the polar regions and coasts are the most habitable. By this point, mammals are virtually extinct, and plant diversity has taken a hit in this hot, dry world. Around this time, a dip in oceanic oxygen causes a minor extinction event, but prompts some marine species to take steps onto land.
295 Million Years in the Future: By now, Pangaea Ultima has moved north, entering the Arctic circle. This has led to the formation of a northern ice cap. As global temperatures start to decrease from the previous high point, sea levels fall, forests begin to spread, and atmospheric oxygen levels increase. Although it isn’t in a full glacial period yet, the climate approaches a similar state to today’s. This is the perfect environment for a new civilization to flourish.