Overfishing has reduced numerous fish populations to remnants of their historical levels, yet we have a poor understanding of what impact this has had on their evolutionary potential and resilience. This information is crucial to predict future demographic changes and thus promote sustainable fisheries management. Studies of historical marine ecology offer an opportunity to learn and heed these past lessons. In particular, genetic/genomic studies can infer past history from contemporary samples, or directly test archaeological and archival samples for losses in genetic diversity, population restructuring, or adaptive responses to natural factors e.g., climate, or anthropogenic ones e.g., fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). A decade ago, the first to investigate temporal demographic changes in the key species Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, hereafter BFT) using archival early-20th century samples and microsatellite markers. Here, we build on this work by genotyping archival and archaeological samples to extend investigations into the pre-industrial era, when fishing may have also had the potential to impact BFT.