#tribes

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Quotes from “Survival and new identity”

“In the west, the Five Civilized Tries had to rebuild their communities under great difficulties, and were then forced after all their efforts, to dissolve their own governments when the state of Oklahoma was established in 1906. They were given permission to reorganize only in 1938, under the Oklahoma I* Welfare Act, which had been passed to alleviate the adverse effects brought about by the enforced dissolution of their polities” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“Until the 1960s, the descendants of the C* remaining in Mississippi found themselves in a very difficult situation” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“Since the 1960s, however, the Mississippi C*, headed by an efficient tribal government, have performed a veritable economic miracle. Programs providing employment training, and the establishment of a business park - a multimillion-dollar enterprise under tribal control - have brought work and wealth. They are proud of their tradition and have in many ways been able to exploit thee best of both worlds to their advantage” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“Today the Oklahoma C* elect their chiefs themselves, among whom Wilma Mankiller (b. 1945), the first woman in such a position, was particularly popular” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 159).

“All of them were forced into a minority status and into economic dependence on the white world that surrounds them. In spite of their widely differing fates and survival strategies, they share the miracle of having survived against all expectations and against all odds into a present marked by their rediscovered pride in their separate identity” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 159).

Kasprycki, S, S. Survival and new identity. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 158-159.

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V* H* (C*), C* Removal, watercolor, 1966. Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, Ok.

The C* were the first of the Five Civilized Tribes to be removed to Oklahoma, on the basis of a treaty signed by a small group of leaders against the will of the majority of their people. In October 1831, 4,000 people set off on foot, on horseback, orin wagons along the bitter way to the West, and further mass removals followed in the ensuring years. Hundreds died on the way of disease, starvation, cold, and exhaustion. 

Kasprycki, S, S. C* Removal. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 158.

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Quotes from “The Trail of Tears”

“In the face of the white settlers insatiable appetite for land and the growing economic importance of cotton, there was increasing political pressure to resettle the local population in an “I* Territory” west of the Mississippi, a more that was allegedly also to protect them from the evils of ‘civilization’” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“While some tribal leaders viewed a removal to the West as the inevitable means of securing the cultural survival of their people, others signed these treaties purely out of personal greed” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“The C* and the C* followed in 1836, after their flaring resistance had been brutally suppressed” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“The deportees were allowed to take only about 30 lbs of personal belongings with them, and even that seemed ‘excessive’ to some congressmen” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

“In the winter of 1838/39. some 7, 000 soldiers drove the remaining C* westward. Starvation, exhaustion, and shipping catastrophes cost innumerable lives. Today, this exodus is generally referred to as the ‘Trail of Tears’” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

Larger groups of C* fled to their Seminole relatives in the Florida swamps, who put up fierce resistance to American expansion in three wars (1817-18, 1835-42, and 1849-58), until their deportation to the I* Territory in 1856” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 158).

Kasprycki, S, S. The Trail of Tears. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 158.

[hairycatinthebag]

i was reading something about tribes, in particular, the penan tribe in Malaysia.

there's a tradition there where they don't use people's names, and especially don't tell strangers women's names. so I wondered why is that so?

because it's a patriarchy haha :( well not exactly, also has superstitious and traditional reasons behind it, but patriarchy also plays a role in it.

tho, even in general, they don't like to use names of a person, so they use certain titles instead, regardless of that women are usually supposed to communicate through their husbands w the community. which is quite sad.

so as much as I like their ideologies and way of living, and how depressing it is that they're getting exploited, it's sad to see the gender division :(

PenanPRONUNCIATION: peh-NAHNLOCATION: Malaysia (Sarawakstate)POPULATION: 14,000 (2004)LANGUAGE: PenanRELIGION: Animism; ChristianityRELATED

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S* O* C*, an American Prince, copperplate engraving from J. Kanold and J. Kundman, Sammlung natur- und medecin- wie auch hierzu gehörigen Kunst and Literatur-Geschichten, Leipzig-Bautzen 1722. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria.

In 1722, the citizens of various German towns had the opportunity of paying a small fee to gape at ‘two famous savage I* Princes,’ who were ‘greatly admired everywhere for the decorations found all over their bodies.’ The viewers were told that the tattoos marked their kinship affiliations and the ‘triumphant victories achieved in war by their ancestors.’  The two C* had been brought to Europe by Captain John Pight, who had taken part in the Y* War and knew how to exploit the exotic attraction these two young men presented in Europe.

Kasprycki, S, S. S* O* C*, an American Prince. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 154-155.

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Quotes from “Civilization and tears”

“Despite all it omits, Cabeza de Vaca’s report still has more to tell us than any record made by the French and the Spanish in the borderlands between New Spain and Louisiana in the course of the next 300 years” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 156).

“Only the founding of a French Huguenot colony in Florida in 1564 renewed the interest of the Spanish, who a year later expelled the French and from their base in St. Augustine began to colonize and set up missions in Florida” (Kasprycki, 2000, pp. 156-157).

“Over the next 50 years, the Spanish, British, and French fought for supremacy over the indigenous peoples of the Southeast, and for control of the booming trade with the native populations” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

“When France lost its American territories in 1763, the Spanish took over as rulers of the area west of the Mississippi, while the British gained eastern Florida from Spain and western Florida from France” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

“After the American Revolution, Florida was ceded to Spain, until the region finally became part of the United States in 1819” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

“In addition, Spanish and British slave hunters kidnapped many N. A. for the C* slave markets” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

Quotes from “Resistance and assimilation”

“While the T* fled north to seek protection of their I* relatives, the Y* were completely wiped out and many of them ended their days in slavery” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

“The introduction of African slaves by the European colonists had its repercussions for the indigenous peoples” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

“Close contacts with Afro-Americans as well as whites soon led to the emergence of a mixed population, which often preferred to be identified as ‘I*.’ The L* developed in this way, and today are one of the largest population groups with a[n] N. A. identity in the United States” (Kasprycki, 2000, p. 157).

Kasprycki, S, S. Civilization and tears. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 154-155.

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Pottery vessel in the shape of a human head, Mississippian tradition, c. AD 1200-1700, St. Louis Science Center, St Louis, MO.

The occurrence of the motif of the severed human head in the artifacts of the Mississippian tradition points to the prehistoric custom of head-hunting, which was widespread throughout the Southeast. The ritual taking and preserving of heads (like the later practice of scalping) was connected to ideas about fertility. This effigy vessel shows the closed eyes and sewn-up mouth of a trophy head, in addition to face paint and ears pierced in several places for the attachment of ornaments.

Kasprycki, S, S. Pottery vessel in the shape of a human head. The Cultures of Native North Americans, 155.