I'm about to start writing my novel, but I'm stuck on one thing- trying to decide whether to write in first or third person! My novel is set in a dystopian world, and my point of view will change between three or four characters. Can you describe the difference between the two, the ups and downs, and which one is good for what kind of writing? Thanks!
Hey, there! You got it, let’s talk about points of view!
First person: Personal Mode
First person uses “I,” “me,” “my” to make a character into a narrator, as if they are telling the reader the story themselves.
Intimate view of the character: First person lets you show a lot about one character, from their perspective.
Unique voice: Especially when working with multiple perspectives, first person allows you to develop a number of unique voices and narrative styles for each one. This can be especially useful if you’re working with a unique narrator—telling a super-bloody zombie apocalypse story from the point of view of a five year old makes for a very different story than if it were told in third person or by an older narrator.
Narrator consistency: First person lets you play with things like unreliable narrators. Even if your multiple perspectives are all accurately relaying events, they may be inconsistent with each other as each character tells their own interpretations of events, which can leave room for reader interpretation.
Voice fails: If your first person voices aren’t distinct or consistent enough, you run the risk of them blending together and all sounding alike. First person is a different beast than third in that first person essentially reads like 100% dialogue, as one person is actively telling the story.
Action limitations: First person limits you to what your character can see and hear for themselves. You can’t take the narration away from your first person narrators to showcase something else without doing it with a) one of your other narrators or b) killing the first person narrative entirely. You’re afforded a lot of freedom within the one character, but you sacrifice your ability to see the rest of the world for it.
Multiple witness accounts: Especially when working with multiple first person storytellers, you run the risk of having too many people tell the same story. If you can, avoid having everyone go over the same events (doubling back)—covering the same ground three times doesn’t necessarily make for a more interesting story, just a longer one.
Second Person: Interactive Mode
I know this wasn’t part of the question, but as long as we’re talking about POV: Second person is when you use “you,” “your,” “yours” to put the reader in the story.
Starring you: Second person puts the reader in a participating role in the story. This can be pretty neat, but is hard to do for long stretches of time. There isn’t a lot of fiction written from second person because it can be very hard to pull off.
Hey, reader!: A use for second person can be in the form of interacting with your readers in the narrative. Lemony Snicket and Tolkien both did this by addressing the reader directly (“you”), making this not necessarily a POV choice but a stylistic one.
There are a few different kinds of third person. Let’s break ‘em down.
Third Person Limited: Standard Mode
Default mode: Third person limited is a pretty common method of storytelling. If you’re not sure what to do, sticking with third limited is generally safe and effective.
Freedom of information: Third person frees you from having to stick so tightly to one character. You can explore things the (current) main character cannot see without jarring the reader out of the story’s default narrative style.
Dramatic tension: By limiting your perspective to one character (or one at a time, at least), you can heighten the tension in the story by hiding information from them. First person gives your readers a front-row seat to your character’s every thought. Using third person allows you to hide information from the reader that, when done right, can be a good source of foreshadowing and tension.
Impersonality: Third person isn’t as intimate and introspective as first person can be. Third person can still explore a character’s thoughts and feelings, but will have to break into the narrative to do it in the same way that dialogue does in order to show it directly.
Third Person Omniscient: God Mode
I know everything: An omniscient narrator can relay information that is happening to any character, not just the (current, as in your case) main character. You as the writer can be flexible with how much information you give about any character, since you have the freedom to give all, some, or none of it. Some writers are liberal with sharing every character’s mindset, and others are more judicious about what they reveal. It’s up to you and your story.
Meanwhile, back at the ranch: Not being tied to one character at a time allows you to explore and show things that are happening outside the main characters’ scope.
Let me tell you all of the things: Just because you can show everything, doesn’t mean you have to. If it doesn’t belong in the story, if it doesn’t need to be said, then don’t say it. If you’re determined to show every single thing leading up to the climax, you run the risk of bogging down the story with unimportant details and side stories, no matter how cool they are. And, similar to first person, if you offer too many interpretations of one event, the event’s impact may get muddled behind all the different tellings.
Third Person Objective: Camera Mode
Action!: An objective narrator doesn’t relay thoughts or feelings from any of the characters. This narrator is a spectator without any stake in the story.
What do you think?: Because objective doesn’t spend any time mulling over the characters’ opinions and feelings, readers are forced to come to their own conclusions about the story. If you are writing a story where you want the readers to form opinions on their own, objective can be a great way to make them do it.
I am a movie camera: Objective narrators don’t give us any information about thoughts or feelings, relying solely on what happens rather than why it happens. Because of this, objective can make it harder to showcase your characters’ inner thoughts and feelings.
Your job is harder: Because objective is objective, you as the writer don’t have a lot of wiggle room when interpreting events. Your job is now completely to tell it like it is, and nothing else—all the interpretation is now on the reader’s part. This can be good for exploring serious themes without getting “preachy,” but removes a lot of your freedom to interpret your own story.
There’s no wrong decision when deciding what POV to use unless you aren't consistent within the story. Try them all out and decide which you like best!