Would ending the filibuster make the senate a more efficient and effective body or would polarization still have a hold on it?
Ending the filibuster would make the Senate more efficient and more effective - in that the Senate would be able to function as a majoritarian legislature that can do public policy without having to go through the restrictive loophole of the budget reconciliation process - but it wouldn't do anything for polarization, since polarization is an entirely different phenomena.
Polarization doesn't really have a straighforward effect on legislative efficiency and efficacy - while it can have a negative effect in legislative situations in which bipartisan cooperation is necessary, it can also have a positive effect in legislative situations in which partisan cooperation is necessary.
