The Ulm Campaign
The Ulm Campaign in 1805 was a bold and decisive military operation during the War of the Third Coalition. Napoleon’s French Grande Armée expertly maneuvered to encircle an Austrian force of 70,000 men led by General Karl Mack at Ulm. This resulted in a significant Austrian surrender without a major battle.
Quick French Victory
Napoleon I led 210,000 French troops to surround the Austrian army by October 20, 1805. The Austrians were trapped in the city of Ulm in present-day Germany. Unable to break out or receive reinforcements, General Mack surrendered, handing Napoleon a major strategic success early in the campaign.
Key Facts
The Ulm Campaign lasted from 25 September to 20 October 1805.
The French Grande Armée numbered approximately 210,000 men.
Austrian forces were commanded by General Karl Mack von Leiberich.
The Austrians were encircled and forced to capitulate in Ulm.
The campaign was a prelude to the famous Battle of Austerlitz.
Historical Context
The Ulm Campaign was part of the War of the Third Coalition, where Britain, Austria, Russia, and others joined forces against Napoleon's expanding French Empire. This campaign showcased Napoleon’s mastery of rapid movement and strategic envelopment.
Historical Significance
The Ulm Campaign is considered a classic example of Napoleonic warfare, highlighting speed and maneuver over brute force. It greatly weakened Austria's military power and set the stage for the decisive Battle of Austerlitz later that year, which solidified Napoleon’s dominance in Europe.
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