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PINTADO X ULUPONG Digital Art by Gerilya 2024

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(Naja philippinensis) Philippine cobra, ulupong

The venom of the Philippine cobra is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which affects respiratory function and can cause neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis, as the neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuromuscular junctions near the muscles. Research has shown its venom is purely a neurotoxin, with no apparent necrotizing components and no cardiotoxins. These snakes are capable of accurately spitting their venom at a target up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) away.

Symptoms of a bite might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce prominent neurotoxicity with minimal to no local signs. A study of 39 patients envenomed by the Philippine cobra was conducted in 1988. Neurotoxicity occurred in 38 cases and was the predominant clinical feature. Complete Respiratory failure developed in 19 patients, and was often rapid in onset; in three cases, apnea occurred within just 30 minutes of the bite. There were two deaths, both in patients who were moribund upon arrival at the hospital. Three patients developed necrosis, and 14 individuals with systemic symptoms had no local swelling at all. Both cardiotoxicity and reliable nonspecific signs of envenoming were absent. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce a distinctive clinical picture characterized by severe neurotoxicity of rapid onset and minimal local tissue damage.

Although venom toxicity values can vary greatly even among specimens of the same species, the Philippine cobra is considered to possess one of the most toxic venom among all of the Naja (cobra) species based on murine LD50, according to most toxinological studies. The average subcutaneous LD50 for this species is 0.20 mg/kg (lowest LD50 value 0.14 mg/kg) and the average venom yield per bite is 90–100 mg. Only the Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana) has produced a more potent venom, producing an average of 0.18 mg/kg (lowest LD50 value 0.1 mg/kg).

#snake #nature #Earth #reptile #venomous #spitting cobra #Elapidae #Elapid #animals #naja philippinensis #philippine cobra #ulupong

(Naja philippinensis) Philippine cobra, ulupong The venom of the Philippine cobra is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which affects respiratory function and can cause neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis, as the neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuromuscular junctions near the muscles. Research has shown its venom is purely a neurotoxin, with no apparent necrotizing components and no cardiotoxins. These snakes are capable of accurately spitting their venom at a target up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) away. The symptoms of a bite might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Although venom toxicity values can vary greatly even among specimens of the same species, the Philippine cobra is considered to possess one of the most toxic venom among all of the Naja (cobra) species based on murine LD50, according to most toxinological studies. The average subcutaneous LD50 for this species is 0.20 mg/kg (lowest LD50 value 0.14 mg/kg) and the average venom yield per bite is 90–100 mg. Only the Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana) has produced a more potent venom, producing an average of 0.18 mg/kg (lowest LD50 value 0.1 mg/kg).