#unit30

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UNIT 30 ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND THE BALANCE SHEET.

Description --> In this unit the author explains the liabilities and the balance sheet, that contains subjects of assets, depreciation, balance sheet, and liabilities.

What I learned --> In this unit I learned about the liabilities and the balance sheet, that contains vocabulary of assets, depreciation, balance sheet, and liabilities.

Assets: current assets, fixed assets, intangible assets, goodwill, brands, and going concern.

Depreciation: depreciation, amortization, depreciate, amortize, over, charge, written down, written off, and book value.

Balance sheet: balance sheet and financial year.

Liabilities: current liabilities, and long-term liabilities.

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Hip Hop Music Assessment

Hip hop is a cultural movement that formed during the early 1970’s. Hip hop focuses on rhythm rather than melody and harmony. It uses rapping, samples and programmed beats. Rapping is a rhythmical rhyming, semi spoken song. The lead singer is joined by other members that double the last word, adds answering phrases and adds spoken ad libs. Beat boxing is a vocal technique mainly used to provide percussive elements of music and various techniques of hip hop djs. Synthesisers are very common in hip hop for the bass line. Sequencers, drum machines and turntables were used instead of musical instruments. Hip hop songs use the normal structure of Verse/Chorus/Verse/Chorus/Middle8 and Chorus. Lyric content talks about sex, money and partying. A lot of current hip hop artists are soloists and perform in bigger venues than previous genres, currents venues are the 02 arena and Wembley arena. Artists in modern day hip hop is Nicki Minaj (Anaconda), Drake (Hotline Bling), Kanye West (Four Five Seconds), Rhianna (We found love), Jayz (99 problems), Eminem (Without me), Iggy Azalea (Pretty Girls) and 50 cent (Candy Shop). Older hip hop artists were the Sugar Hill Gang (Rappers Delight), Grand master Flash and the Furious Five (The Message), Diddy (No Way Out), Fuggees (Ready or not) and Snoop Dogg (Gin and Juice). Technological developments in Hip hop were during the early 2000’s most people bought the album and ripped the songs onto an mp3 player. But now a day’s people can listen to the songs on Spotify and YouTube or download the songs or album on iTunes. More technology is used to produce the music using afro beats and jarabesque melodies, dance hall and hip hop beats. I think technology made a positive influence to hip hop music because it changed the way you could listen to music and you can hear music more often and in an easier way. It has changed the sound of hip hop music and will continue to influence future music. What is great about this genre is the lyric content in the songs because when the artists rap they fit so many lyrics in 4 minutes. A new dance style was introduced such as the Nae Nae, Dougie, Twerk and Shmoney Dance. The culture of the music using different beats and rhymes as well as dances, graffiti and fashion. Artists such as Kanye West does not create his own song but gets music and lyrics from previous hip hop songs and mix them up into current sounding music. Hip hop music is a popular genre of music today. Hip hop originated in the 1970’s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York. The 70’s were the start of rapping. Rapping is a vocal style where the artists speaks fast in rhyme and verse using instrumental or synthesised beats. It was common for it to be in a 4/4 time signature and can be created by sampling and sequencing parts of songs. It also uses drum machines, synthesisers and live bands. Rappers may write memorize or improvise their lyrics or perform acapella. 1970’s hip hop was influenced by disco. Pa systems were used to record the music and early mix tapes. The first hip hop record is regarded as “The sugar hill gangs” Rappers Delight from 1979. The structure of the songs were the same as today’s music. The lyrical content was more about partying and having fun. 1980’s hip hop marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles. Early examples of diversification process can be identified through such tracks as The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the wheels of Steel, a single consisting entirely of sampled tracks. Also “Africa Bambaataa’s” (Planet Rock)why shows the fusion of hip hop music with electro. Also Rammellzee and K-Robs was a slow jam which had a dub influence with its use of reverb and echo. Drum machines were very heavily used.  Sampling became more advanced and more creative. The lyrical content of hip hop evolved as well with more complex, multi layered instrumentals. It sounded more mature and became extremely popular. Hip hop music was spreading over the world. 1990’s hip hop was known for the year Hip Hop exploded, it was a huge success with music critics and the public. It had an urban style to the music. Hip became the top selling music genre with 81 million CDs sold.  The first hip hop song got into the Billboard Charts in the US by Vanilla Ice (Ice Ice Baby). “U can’t touch this” charted on the top ten of the Billboard 100. Record labels such as Atlanta, St Louis and New Orleans gained fame for gaining hip hop artists. Again a lot of technology was used to produce the music. The lyrical content was about love, money and partying. I think changes happened because the technology grew and they thought this technology was amazing for music but over modern day technology it is important but not used as much. Some artists do use all technology instruments. A 1970’s artist is the Sugar Hill Gang and a modern day artist is Nick Minaj. The difference between these two artists are the sugar hill gang had more of a beat to their song and did not use rapping in their songs but Nicki Minaj uses a lot of rapping in her music. Nicki Minaj mainly talks about sex and parties in her music but he Sugar Hill Gang use love and partying. I think modern day hip is better than previous genres of hip because it is more current and has more of a beat to it.

Caroline Richardson

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Rock and Roll

Rock and Roll Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated in the USA in the 1950’s. Rock and roll began when African slaves were being freed from slavery and they were being accepted as normal human beings, these people began migrating to the South of America to places such as Chicago, New York and Detroit. This began white and black people socialising with each other and began the era of Rock and Roll. This genre influenced the start of do wop music. Rock and roll music used a lot of Saxophone, Electric Guitar, Bass Guitar, Piano and vocal of its music. Rock and roll music have similar structures to today’s music apart from the chorus is played sometimes at the beginning as an intro such Chorus verse chorus verse middle 8 chorus. Lyric contents of songs were mainly on love songs but sometimes random items such as blue swade shoes. Venues were a lot smaller than today’s venues. Artists played in small halls or nightclubs and cinemas. Some venues around in the 1950’s Dominion Theatre London.  Touring was not as popular due to lack of venues and it was just after the war, so music was played mainly on radios and on some televisions. The main Rock and Roll artists and there songs were people such as Elvis Presley(Jailhouse Rock), Little Richard(Tooty Fruity), Eddie Cochrane(C’mon Everybody), Buddy Holly(Peggy Sue), Bill Haley and the Comets(Rock around the clock) and Chubby Checker (Lets twist again). Music was listened using vinyl’s on a record player but usually richer people had these so the only other way to hear the music was on the radio and rarely on televisions. Audio technology was getting better with amplifiers on electric and bass guitars. But one of the most popular ways of listening to music was Juke Boxes in Café’s. What was great about the genre of rock and roll was the influence it had on the world. It was happy music which made people dance which introduced Rock and Roll dancing known as the jive and hand jive. This genre brought in a style of fashion that no other genre has with Women wearing long, big, flowing skirts and men wearing oversized jackets called Teddy boy Jackets. This music has something special about it because people still listen to it today all around the world. For example Elvis Presley has posthumously released a new album and has reached straight to number one in the UK Top 40. Rock and roll has changed from the 1960’s into subgenres such as blue rock. Blues rock was around in the early 60’s to the mid 60’s in the USA and UK. Typical instruments were Electric Guitar, bass guitar, drums, vocals, piano and harmonica. A lot of twelve bars blues was used in this genre and a lot of improvisation as well as riffs.  Artists during this time were the Animals and Eric Clapton. The next subgenre is Folk rock. This genre was around mid-1960’s.The typical instruments it used was vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass, drums, piano, harmonica and fiddle. Folk rock music structure is just verses but the first line of each verse is similar. Artists in this genre Fairport Conventions. Skiffle Music was popular in the USA in the first half of the 20th Century and 1950’s in the UK. This is a very different type of music using objects as instruments such as washboards, jugs, saw, comb, paper, kazoo and sometimes a guitar or banjo. There was not much lyric content but if there was it would be only a few sounds or words and there was no structure to the songs.an artist from this genre Lonnie Donorgan. The British Invasion was a genre in the mid 1960’s where rock and pop music acts from the UK were becoming popular in USA. Instruments used in this genre were electric guitars, vocals and drums. There was more lyric content about love during this time. The structure of the songs were becoming more like todays structure such as verse/chorus/verse/middle 8/chorus. An artist during this genre was The Beatles and Rolling Stones. Soft rock is a style of music which uses the techniques of rock music. This genre was around in the 1960’s. Typical instruments they used in this genre was acoustic guitar, electric guitar, piano and synthesiser. Again the lyric content was about love and the structure was the same as the previous genre. Glam rock was around in the early to mid-70. This genre was around in the UK. Glam rock varied between rock and roll and rock. This genre was famous for outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles and platform shoes. The structure is the same again. Artists in this genre were T’rex and Slade. Punk rock is a rock genre developed between 1974-1976 in the UK, USA and Australia. Typical instruments are vocals, bass guitar, electric guitar and drums. Again the lyrics content and structure is the same as the previous genre. A group of people that were rebels and didn’t agree with the parliament and royalty. It had its own fashion like safety pins through clothes and ears and Mohican hairstyles and bright coloured hair. Artists in this genre were the Sex Pistols. New wave music is a genre in the late 1970’s. Typical instruments in this genre were vocals, guitar and drums. Again the structure and lyric content was the same as the previous genre. Artists in this genre were Blonde and Generation X Alternative music is a genre of rock music that emerged from the Independent music of the 1980’s and 1990’s called “alternative rock”. Typical instruments in this genre is vocals, electric guitar, bass guitar, drums and keyboard. Power chords were very common in this type of music as well as riffs, buzz fuzz tone and squeal in feedback. Psychedelic music was a genre in the 60’s. Typical instruments were electric guitars and drums. A lot of this genre was influenced with drugs such as LSD with the lyrics content. It had its own fashion such as flower power and tie dyed t-shirts. Artist in this genre were the Beatles which experimented in this genre. Britpop is a subgenre of pop and rock music. It originated in the early 90s in the UK. The genre has similar lyric content to the previous genre, it was mainly people/bands shouting expressing frustration. A lot of independent music labels signed these kind of artists such as Blur and Oasis. I think that music has changed because people’s interest have changed and technology has improved. For example there are more ways to listen to music now such as YouTube and Spotify. Skiffle and Glam rock are completely different genres. Skiffle uses no proper instruments but glam rock use instruments like guitars and drums. Skiffle did not have much lyric contents and but glam does. Caroline Richardson

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Dance Music Assessment

Disco is a genre of dance music using parts of funk, soul and pop that was popular in the mid to late 70’s but it sometimes came back in a different time. Its main audiences were gay, African American, Italian American, Latino and Psychedelic communities in New York and Philadelphia during the late 60’s and early 70’s. Disco music was a key influence on the 1980s dance music style called House. Disco music has influenced Madonna’s album in 2005 and single songs in 2013 with Daft Punk, Justin Timberlake and Bruno Mars that reached the charts in there UK and the US. The term ‘Disco’ originates from the word ‘discothèque’ (which, in French, originally means ‘library of phonograph records’, but was later used for nightclubs). Women embraced disco as well, and the music eventually expanded to several other marginalized communities of the time. Characteristics of disco music are it was very common to have off beat rhythm electric bass line. The vocals were sung roar whilst a steady "four-on-the-floor" beat, an eighth note (quaver) or 16th note (semi-quaver) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In a lot of disco music they used strings, horns, electric piano and electric guitars for background music. Flutes were often used for the melody which is the tune. Lead guitar was not used in disco music but synthesisers were very common. Nightclubs were used as venues, they had DJ’s playing disco music and it was night of partying. Lyric content was about love but more sexual and a lot of music lyrics were influenced with drugs. The structure of disco music is the same as today’s music verse/chorus/verse/middle8/chorus. Artists in the disco era were Donna Summer (Hot Stuff), the Bee Gees (Staying Alive), Gloria Gaynor (I will survive), Chic (Good times), KC and the Sunshine band (That’s the way I like it) and Abba (Dancing Queen). Technological developments of disco were 16-track recorder which use, 24-track recorder but there was little interest in it as there was an increased noise level. Synthesisers were used but was often too expensive and most musicians and studios couldn’t afford MOOG synthesizers. The vinyl record is a type of gramophone record, most popular from the 1950s to the 1990s, that was most commonly used for mass-produced recordings of music. 12-inch singles typically have much shorter playing time than full-length LPs and was used often due to this. Vinyls were still very popular this was the main era of vinyls and record players. What was great about this genre was there were black and white artists singing disco together. Being gay was being respected and it helped black and white people socialise. It was a big business that helped make a lot of money for the music industry. It introduced more nightclubs. Dance classes were set up to do disco dancing. Films were based on disco music such as “Saturday Night Fever” with the song “Staying Alive” sung by the Bee Gees. Disco was used for soundtracks in many different films. A new fashion line was brought out with afro hair, big flared trousers, glitter makeup and bright clothing. DJs changed as they started to do their own mixes of songs. It introduced the electronic music using technology as instruments and auto tune to make the singers voice sound better but cheat. Over the years disco music has changed and has influenced dance music. Today’s dance music is created in a different way to how the early disco was made. Disco music between 1975- 1979 was the main era of disco popularity. A number of established artists such as Jonny Mathis also embraced the disco sound in his own music. Subgenres Italo disco is a genre of music which originated in Italy and was mainly produced at the end of the 70’s. It evolved from dance music. The genre used drum machines, synthesisers and vocals. Space disco is the fusion of disco music with sound and visuals. This genre was in Europe in the 70’s. Typical instruments were synthesisers, strings, keyboard, drums and vocals. Krautrock is a genre of rock and electronic music that originated in Germany. It was around in the late 60’s early 70’s.Typical instruments were guitar, bass and drums. Synth pop is a type of pop music featuring heavy use of synthesisers and other electronic instruments originating in the early 80’s. Typical instruments were synthesisers, drum machines and music sequencers. House music was around in Chicago in the early 1980’s. This music was very repetitive and used simple 4/4 time signatures and mainly used drum machines, hi hat cymbals and synthesised basslines. Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London. It emerged in the late 1990’s. Typical instruments were sequencers, turntables, sampler, drum machine, synthesiser, keyboard and personal computer. Dubstep and space disco are two sub genres but are completely different. Space disco used normal instruments such as strings, drums and vocal but dubstep uses more technology instruments. I prefer space disco because it uses more traditional instruments and it sounds a bit better than dubstep.

Caroline Richardson

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Soul Genre Assessment Task

Soul music is a popular genre that originated in the United States in the 1950’s and early 60’s. It uses different parts of African American gospel music, jazz and rhythm and blues. The term “soul” relates to African-American pride and culture. The music that preceded was blues and jazz. This is where soul comes in because soul music used blues and jazz in the music but in a more pop music style. Typical instruments played in soul music were Electric Guitar, Bass guitar, Piano, Drums, Horn section, Saxophones, organ, keyboards and vocals. The structure of soul music is very similar to pop music. The structure of these songs were Verse/Chorus/Verse/Middle8/Chorus. The lyric content of soul songs were mainly about love. Call and response was used a lot during the era of soul, the singer or musician "calls" out a phrase or saying, and another singer or musician provides a "response. Singers used a lot of different tones using their voices.  Sometimes they made their voices husky or smooth. Soul music was played in discos, nightclubs and if the artist had huge success they would play in concert halls.   Artists during this soul genre were Aretha Franklin (I say a little prayer), Marvin Gaye (I heard it through the grapevine), James Brown (I feel good), Otis Redding (Siting on the dock of the bay), Ray Charles (Hit the Road Jack) and Sam Cooke (Cupid). Record companies that produced soul music during this time were Stax records, they were founded in 1957, and it was originally called Satellite records. The founder of this record company was Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton. Some of the artists signed to this record was Otis Redding, Sam and Dave and Isaac Hayes. Another recording company is Atlantic Records, it is a major record label best known for its numerous recording of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, jazz and hip hop. They signed artists such as Aretha Franklin and Ray Charles who were around during the 1960’s, Atlantic records is still going today and signing some of the best artists in the world  such as Ed Sheeran, Skrillex and Bruno Mars. Atlantic records were slightly different to other record companies because they signed black and white artists. They also signed British artists such as Dusty Springfield and Lulu in the late 1960’s. Another leading record company specialising in soul music was the Motown label founded by Berry Gordy Jr in 1959. Artists signed to this record label were The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye and the Temptations.   Recording techniques were basic during the 1960’s, they had a completely different way of recording there music. They would record a few songs in a day unlike today where artists can take weeks or months to record one song. Vinyls were the popular way of listening to music. Radios were also used to listen to music. The great thing about soul music is it gave black artists and musicians a wider audience than they had previously. The music was played regularly on National radio and the artists and musicians got to play their music in large concert halls and venues, where as previously black music was normally only played in small clubs. There was more choice of record labels to be signed so artists chose the best deal they were offered. Subgenres- Detroit Motown Soul is a strongly rhythmic and influenced by gospel music. It includes clapping, violin and bells. Pop soul is a style of soul music with raw vocals. Artists of this style included Diana Ross and Stevie Wonder. This was very popular during the 1960’s. Deep soul and Southern is the next sub-genre, it refers to a driving energetic soul style combining R and B energy and gospel music sounds. Stax records who I spoke about above used a distinctive sound which included putting the vocals back in the mix than most R and B records, using horn parts. Memphis soul is a style of soul produced in the 1960’s and 70’s at stax records. It features organs, bass, drums and horns. This style has its own sound New Orleans soul came after rhythm and blues era with artists such as Little Richard. This made a huge impact on pop and R and B and influenced funk music. Chicago soul generally had a light gospel influenced sound. It started in the 1960’s in Chicago. Typical instruments used electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, horns and vocals. This genre used laid back harmonies for groups while solo artists exhibited a melodic/pop approach to their songs. The accompaniment used highly orchestrated arrangements with horns and strings. Philadelphia soul is a genre of soul music influenced by funk. It started in the late 1960’s. It used instrumental arrangements often using strings and horns. Vibraphone can be heard in the background of some music. Typical instruments were strings, horns and vocals. This genre started the genre of disco. Psychedelic soul was a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music in the late 1960’s. Typical instruments used Bass guitar, drums, electric guitar, vocals, studio sound effects, horns and percussion. Blue eyed soul is an R and B or soul type of music performed by white artists. This genre was around I the mid 1960’s, white artists performed soul and R and B that was similar to Motown. Modern singers such as Adele and Christina Aguilera are modern day singers using this subgenre. British Soul has been a major influence on British popular music since the 1960’s including bands likes the Beatles. There was a lot of British acts that were very successful such as Dusty Springfield and Tom Jones. Caroline Richardson

[group41980s90s]

What was Great about this Genre? What did it influence?

Disco Music What was great about this genre? What did it influence? • There were black and white artists singing disco. • Being gay was being respected • It helped black and white people socialise. • It was a big business. • It helped introduce more nightclubs. • Dance classes were set up to do disco dancing. • Made a lot of money for the music industry. • Films were based on disco such as “Saturday Night Fever” with the song “Staying Alive” sung by the Bee Gees. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_izvAbhExY • Disco was used for soundtracks in many different films. • A new fashion line was brought out with afro hair, big flared trousers, glitter makeup and bright clothing. • DJs changed as they started to do their own mixes of songs. • It introduced the electronic music using technology as instruments and auto tune to make the singers voice sound better but cheat. • Over the years disco music has changed and has influenced dance music. Today’s dance music is created in a different way to how the early disco was made.

[group41980s90s]

Soul Genre Assessment Task

Soul Genre Assessment Task Soul music is a popular genre that originated in the United States in the 1950’s and early 60’s. It uses different parts of African American gospel music, jazz and rhythm and blues. The term “soul” relates to African-American pride and culture. The music that preceded was blues and jazz. This is where soul comes in because soul music used blues and jazz in the music but in a more pop music style. Typical instruments played in soul music were Electric Guitar, Bass guitar, Piano, Drums, Horn section, Saxophones, organ, keyboards and vocals. The structure of soul music is very similar to pop music. The structure of these songs were Verse/Chorus/Verse/Middle8/Chorus. The lyric content of soul songs were mainly about love. Call and response was used a lot during the era of soul, the singer or musician "calls" out a phrase or saying, and another singer or musician provides a "response. Singers used a lot of different tones using their voices.  Sometimes they made their voices husky or smooth. Soul music was played in discos, nightclubs and if the artist had huge success they would play in concert halls.   Artists during this soul genre were Aretha Franklin (I say a little prayer), Marvin Gaye (I heard it through the grapevine), James Brown (I feel good), Otis Redding (Siting on the dock of the bay), Ray Charles (Hit the Road Jack) and Sam Cooke (Cupid). Record companies that produced soul music during this time were Stax records, they were founded in 1957, and it was originally called Satellite records. The founder of this record company was Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton. Some of the artists signed to this record was Otis Redding, Sam and Dave and Isaac Hayes. Another recording company is Atlantic Records, it is a major record label best known for its numerous recording of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, jazz and hip hop. They signed artists such as Aretha Franklin and Ray Charles who were around during the 1960’s, Atlantic records is still going today and signing some of the best artists in the world  such as Ed Sheeran, Skrillex and Bruno Mars. Atlantic records were slightly different to other record companies because they signed black and white artists. They also signed British artists such as Dusty Springfield and Lulu in the late 1960’s. Another leading record company specialising in soul music was the Motown label founded by Berry Gordy Jr in 1959. Artists signed to this record label were The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye and the Temptations.   Recording techniques were basic during the 1960’s, they had a completely different way of recording there music. They would record a few songs in a day unlike today where artists can take weeks or months to record one song. Vinyls were the popular way of listening to music. Radios were also used to listen to music. The great thing about soul music is it gave black artists and musicians a wider audience than they had previously. The music was played regularly on National radio and the artists and musicians got to play their music in large concert halls and venues, where as previously black music was normally only played in small clubs. There was more choice of record labels to be signed so artists chose the best deal they were offered. Subgenres- Detroit Motown Soul is a strongly rhythmic and influenced by gospel music. It includes clapping, violin and bells. Pop soul is a style of soul music with raw vocals. Artists of this style included Diana Ross and Stevie Wonder. This was very popular during the 1960’s. Deep soul and Southern is the next sub-genre, it refers to a driving energetic soul style combining R and B energy and gospel music sounds. Stax records who I spoke about above used a distinctive sound which included putting the vocals back in the mix than most R and B records, using horn parts. Memphis soul is a style of soul produced in the 1960’s and 70’s at stax records. It features organs, bass, drums and horns. This style has its own sound New Orleans soul came after rhythm and blues era with artists such as Little Richard. This made a huge impact on pop and R and B and influenced funk music. Chicago soul generally had a light gospel influenced sound. It started in the 1960’s in Chicago. Typical instruments used electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, horns and vocals. This genre used laid back harmonies for groups while solo artists exhibited a melodic/pop approach to their songs. The accompaniment used highly orchestrated arrangements with horns and strings. Philadelphia soul is a genre of soul music influenced by funk. It started in the late 1960’s. It used instrumental arrangements often using strings and horns. Vibraphone can be heard in the background of some music. Typical instruments were strings, horns and vocals. This genre started the genre of disco. Psychedelic soul was a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music in the late 1960’s. Typical instruments used Bass guitar, drums, electric guitar, vocals, studio sound effects, horns and percussion. Blue eyed soul is an R and B or soul type of music performed by white artists. This genre was around I the mid 1960’s, white artists performed soul and R and B that was similar to Motown. Modern singers such as Adele and Christina Aguilera are modern day singers using this subgenre. British Soul has been a major influence on British popular music since the 1960’s including bands likes the Beatles. There was a lot of British acts that were very successful such as Dusty Springfield and Tom Jones. Caroline Richardson

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Caroline Richardson Rock and Roll Project