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A complete guide on Bolivia

 In 2009, Bolivia has elected its new indigenous president, Evo Morales. Morales, a former coca farmer with a humble background, was the result of a very long history and colorful politics. Bolivia has seen empires rise and fall, revolutions, wars bitter territorial, military coups and the fights with the multinationals. And somehow from all the chaos, is a country that was able to democratically elect a leader from the poorest and least empowered of its population. How could this happen? Employment and independence The first job of Bolivia was registered by the Tiwanaku culture, a population that has grown between 600 and 800 AD in urban proportions from a small farming village. Things well developed until 960 AD when a major climate change occurred and pushed everyone out of the region by 1000 AD, not a good start for humanity. Following were the Incas, 1430-1530 AD rapidly expanding, bringing intricate system of roads, irrigation, agricultural terraces and Quechua. The expansion was so rapid that Inca Empire was internally weak, and the Spaniards have no problem tipping a lot when they arrived in 1532 AD. The Spaniards settled in the Bolivian highlands for two decades, but had a pretty miserable time of things because of bloody battles between the Spaniards and the rebellion suppressed by the Inca. In 1548 the murder of Gonzalo Pizarro led the Spanish Crown to assert its authority, establishing the city of La Paz. Despite a strong grip on the population, native resistance continued throughout the period of Spanish rule, with more than 100 rebellions in the 18th century alone in Peru and Bolivia. Bolivian Independence grew by unrest among the Creoles, Bolivian born of pure Spanish blood, and peninsulares, the Spaniards who had traveled to Europe to rule the colony. After the French Revolution, a group of radical criollos were motivated to participate with a Bolivian indigenous general oppose the renewal of the Spanish Constitution in 1812. The general was finally defeated in war by the rebel armies of Sim n Bolivar? And Antonio Jos? de Sucre. On August 6, 1825, Bolivia was declared independent, considered the founder of Bolivar. Life without Spain What has made a good start in the 19th century with Andres de Santa Cruz, but the problems of a political confederation between Peru and Bolivia, and soon the next 60 years has been dominated by coups and short-term government. Other countries have taken advantage, since independence, Bolivia has lost over half its territory to neighbors in war. In 1935 Bolivia was defeated by Paraguay in the Chaco War. This coup de grace discredited ruling class and military service generated political passions in the indigenous population. The Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) emerged from the Chaco War in 1941 as a coalition of middle-class politics without Marxism. It 'was the winner in the 1951 elections, but the results were deemed fraudulent by the opposition, and his right to the presidency was denied. not a party to make light of the refusal, the MNR led a successful revolt April 9, 1952, and started the National Revolution. The reforms of the state has attempted to introduce into the national life of the Aymara and Quechua peasants that the majority of the population of Bolivia, a unique political positioning. Dictatorship to democracy The revolution was considered ended when a military junta overthrew the president in 1964, before a turbulent twenty years of military rule marked by coups, counter-coups and governments temporary. Finally, General Luis Garica Meza carried out a brutal coup d'etat in 1980 and its subsequent violations of human rights, links to drug trafficking, horrible economic mismanagement has caused the Carter and Reagan administrations in the United States to cut ties with the Bolivia. To date, the United States and Bolivia are still in disagreement. The population tired of endless military and devastating the elections of 1985 and during the Bolivian government was democratic. Unfortunately, this period was carried out by hyperinflation at an annual rate of 24,000% paralyzing. social unrest, drug trafficking and chronic strikes were the norm. Impressive, under the administration of the MRN within 4 years of social and economic stability had been achieved and the army was kept well away from politics. The implementation has been slightly soured by the collapse of tin prices in 1985 which saw 20,000 miners laid off, but the trend for open and honest democratic process, with a peaceful transition of power continued. The administration in the mid 90's began an aggressive policy of privatization of state resources until the Cochabamba "water wars" in which a multinational Corporation increased its water rates to the point where the population violent protests and the body was thrown out of Bolivia, with a consequent negative $ 25,000,000 lawsuit against the government. Corruption crept slowly in the halls of Parliament, as many high-ranking politicians were involved in the exploitation of large natural gas reserves in Bolivia. After a series of violent strikes and blocks, hasty resignation were made by the leaders of the government and a fundamental revision of the Constitution and the renewal of the Parliament, at the same time the general election December 4, 2005. Morales steps Evo Morales, indigenous leader and former Coca farmer, had lost in the elections of 2002 in response to comments by U.S. Ambassador Manuel Rocha warned Bolivians that the voters if they voted for Morales in the United States could cut foreign aid and close the markets for the country. This position has undoubtedly been fueled by Morales 'status' as a former coca farmer and Bolivia's reputation as a producer of one third of all cocaine in the world. However, he was held for the second time, and won the 2005 elections by a comfortable majority of 54% with his Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) party. It was the first elected president in native Bolivian history. Within a year he nationalized Bolivia's gas fields, something desired by the indigenous population for years. Opinions are mixed about the Morales administration. Since coming to power who voted four departments in eastern Bolivia, political autonomy, the distances from the central government. However, one thing that can not be denied is the commitment of Morales' indigenous population, who represent the majority of Bolivia. In terms of democratic representation and equal rights, the Bolivian government is moving to where the rest of the world should pay attention.

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