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[inhandnetworks-blog]

ALMA Detects Two Planets in the Dust Disk Su edge gateway  rrounding Young Star HD 169142

www.inhandnetworks.com

This image depicts the dusty disc encircling the young, isolated sta Industrial 3G Router  r HD 169142. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaged this disc in high resolution by picking up faint signals from its constituent millimeter-sized dust grains. The vivid rings are thick bands of dust, separated by deep gaps.

Astronomers have detected the presence of two planets in formation around the young star HD 169142, which is about 470 light-years away. The two planets have masses comparable to that of Jupiter.

Optimized to study the cold gas and dust of systems like HD 169142, ALMA’s sharp eyes have revealed the structure of many infant solar systems with similar cavities and gaps. A variety of theories have been proposed to explain them — such as turbulence caused by magnetorotational instability, or the fusing of dust grains — but the most plausible explanation is that these pronounced gaps were carved out by giant protoplanets.

When solar systems form gas and dust coalesce into planets. These planets then effectively spring clean their orbits, clearing them of gas and dust and herding the remaining material into well-defined bands. The deep gaps seen in this image are consistent with the presence of multiple protoplanets — a finding that agrees with other optical and infrared studies of the same system.

Observing such dusty protoplanetary discs with ALMA allows scientists to investigate the first steps of planet formation in a bid to unveil the evolutionary paths of these infant systems.

INAF press release (Italian) Translated below

Thanks to detailed shots from the telescope Alma (Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array) ESO, an international team of researchers led by Davide Fedele, the Florence Institute of Astrophysics, has detected the presence odistribution line fault detectionf two planets in formation around the young star HD 169142, which is about 470 light years from us, and situated in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. The two planets would masses comparable to that of Jupiter.

The high-resolution image of Alma shows the disk of dust around Hd 169142 obtained from the processing of weak signals emitted by the grains of the millimeter dimensions that constitute it. The bright rings indicate dense bands of dust separated by empty net. “The system we have observed with Alma is located around a star that has a mass of about 1.7 times that of the Sun and an age of just 6 million years,” says Fedele, first author of the paper describing the study, published on the website of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. “Alma has allowed us to derive the dust around this star distribution, showing a characteristic structure to ‘rings’: the cold powder is localized in two main rings, the first between 20 and 35 astronomical units and the second between 56 and 83 astronomical units from the central star (an astronomical unit is the distance separating the Earth from our Sun). The intermediate zones of this disc will appear substantially free of dust.”

Structures similar have already been detected by Alma around other stars and scientists have made several proposals to explain, as turbulence phenomena triggered by magneto-rotazionail instability or grains mergers of powders, but t M2M gateway  he most widely accepted is that those net voids have been produced by planets in large breed training. When planetary systems begin to comply, the gas and dust present around the young stars they are gathering to form protoplanets. These celestial objects ‘clean up’ areas crossing with their orbits and at the same time adjoin the remaining dust and gas in well defined bands. The empty areas in the image of Alma the system around Hd 169 142 are compatible with the presence of protoplanets, a fact which is in agreement with other surveys conducted in the bands of visible light and infrared on the same system.

“The study of dust and cold gas that make up the protoplanetary disks is crucial to understanding how planets are born,” adds Fedele. “In addition to dust, Alma has allowed us to study the distribution of cold gas through three molecular isotopes of carbon monoxide observations (CO), which allow us to understand what is the origin of the dust rings. Based on the fact the gas intensity maps and on the differences with those of the dust, we can conclude that the ring structure is due to the presence of two protoplanets orbiting at a distance of about 15 astronomical units and 50 astronomical units from the star. For the inner planet we estimated a mass of between 0.1 and one Jupiter mass, while the outer planet the estimate is between one and ten Jupiter masses. Alma has therefore surprised us again, revealing an even planetary system during gestation.”

Study: ALMA unveils rings and gaps in the protoplanetary system HD 169142: signatures of two giant protoplanets

Image Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/ Fedele et al.

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Study Shows Why Adolescents Are More Likely Than Adults to Engage in Risky and Impul wired  sive Behavior

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Young people are seeking new experiences, and in doing so, are often unable to gauge the risks of their behavior.

New research from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development shows that adolescents are more likely to ignore information that could prompt them to rethink risky decisions, helping to explain why information campaigns on risky behaviors such as drug abuse tend to have only limited success.

Reckless driving, binge drinking, drug taking—it is well known that adolescents are more likely than adults to engage in risky and impulsive behavior. A study conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development provides new insights into these risky decisio industrial m2m  ns. The findings show that, relative to children and adults, adolescents are less interested in information that would help them to gauge the risks of their behavior. They are less motivated to seek out such information and better able to tolerate a lack of knowledge. “It’s not that they are cognitively incapable of processing the issues. They are simply driven to seek new experiences and try out new things,” says lead author Wouter van den Bos, researcher in the Center for Adaptive Rationality at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

The patterns of adolescent risk-taking behaviors observed in previous experimental studies deviate sharply from those seen in real life. In these earlier laboratory experiments, participants were often given all the information they needed to make a decision. When adolescents test their luck by experimenting with drugs or having unprotect cloud vms  ed sex, however, they may have only a vague idea of the possible consequences of their actions and the likelihoods of those consequences. But they often have the opportunity to learn more about those consequences before making a decision—metaphorically speaking, they can look before they leap. “Ours was the first developmental study to use experimental tasks that afforded decision makers this opportunity to reduce uncertainty by searching for more information,” adds van den Bos.

In the study, 105 children, adolescents, and young adults aged 8–22 years old played various lotteries, each offering a chance of winning a certain amount of money. Players either had full information on the value of the prize and the probability of winning it (choices under risk), or they were told the value of the prize but had incomplete information on its probability (choices under ambiguity), or they were not told the value of the prize or its probability but had the opportunity to access further information (choices under uncertainty). Additionally, participants were asked about their real-life risk-taking behavior.

It emerged that teenagers were more ready to accept ambiguity and also searched for less information in the context of uncertainty. This tolerance of the unknown peaked around age 13-15 years. Unlike adolescents’ choices in the context of full information, their behavior under ambiguity and uncertainty also correlated with their self-reported risk-taking in the real world.

The study findings could also explain why information campaigns designed to educate young people about the risks of certain behaviors—such as drug abuse—often fall on deaf ears. Even when information is easily available to young people, they show little motivation to engage with it. “If we really want to get through to young people, we need to take these insights into account when designing interventions,” says coauthor Ralph Hertwig, Director of the Center for Adaptive Rationality at the Max Planck I UMTS router  nstitute for Human Development. “A promising alternative to information campaigns would be to give adolescents the opportunity to experience the consequences of their risky behavior—in virtual environments, for example,” adds Hertwig.

Publication: Wouter van den Bos & Ralph Hertwig, “Adolescents display distinctive tolerance to ambiguity and to uncertainty during risky decision making,” Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 40962 (2017) doi:10.1038/srep40962

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Researc Distribution Power Line Monitoring  hers Test Hollow Optical Fibers for UV Light

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Electron-microscopic image of the new hollow-core optical fiber.

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have tested a new type of optical fiber with a hollow core, revealing that this type of optical fiber was able to guide UV laser light without being damaged and with acceptable loss. The new optical waveguides will improve precision investigations in physics, chemistry and life sciences.

If you want to send light on a trip through optical fibers – with as little loss as possible, you should opt for infrared l remote PLC programming  ight, as is the case, for example, in the telecommunication networks worldwide. For certain applications, such as spectroscopic investigations on ions or atoms, however, (laser) light in the ultraviolet range is required. But this type of light would quickly damage conventional optical fibers. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen/Germany and of the QUEST Institute, based at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), have tested a new type of optical fiber with a hollow core and have found out that this type of optical fiber was able to guide UV laser light without being damaged and with acceptable loss. Their investigations, which they h Overhead Line Monitoring  ave recently published in the journal “Optics Express”, are interesting for numerous applications: besides precision spectroscopy on atoms or ions and their use in optical atomic clocks or quantum computers, fluorescence  4g router microscopy in biology, the investigation of process plasmas, combustion studies on soot or the spectroscopy of greenhouse gases would be other possible fields of application.

Optical fibers usually have a solid glass core. This glass core is coated with an optically thinner material. The laws of physics ensure that a light beam is kept inside such a fiber thanks to total reflection and that it can be transported over long distances without significant loss. Such optical fibers are therefore widely used worldwide to transport light of different spectral ranges – from the infrared up to the visible light range. UV light, however, has a shorter wavelength and is therefore strongly absorbed by the glass used in most types of optical fibers and the fibers are quickly damaged by UV light.

At the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) in Erlangen, experiments with other types of optical fiber have been carried out for a few years. Now, it has turned out that a certain type of optical fibre is particularly well-suited for UV light: a microstructured photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with a so-called “Kagome structure” – a special pattern consisting of triangles and of hexagons in a regular arrangement – and a hollow core of 20 µm in diameter. This core ensures a single-mode guiding of the light – i.e. with a spatial intensity distribution similar to the shape of a Gaussian bell-shaped curve. The crucial question was to know whether this transport was really single-mode and damage-free, and this is what the metrological experts from the QUEST Institute at PTB had to find out. Their investigations have shown that in the case of the UV beam used, with a wavelength of 280 nm, single-mode transmission was possible and that even after more than 100 hours in operation at a power of 15 mW, no UV-induced damage could be detected.

The optical fibers have even passed a first application test: the researchers at the QUEST Institute have used them successfully for their spectroscopic investigations on trapped ions. Stabilized by the new fiber, the UV laser beam allows an improved interrogation of the ions’ internal state. Besides the users of such spectroscopic methods (for example in astronomy, chemistry or fundamental research in physics), this could also be useful for researchers who are developing quantum computers, since in that field, the internal states of a particle are the new digital 0s and 1s.

Publication: Florian Gebert, et al., “Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF,” Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 13, pp. 15388-15396 (2014); doi:10.1364/OE.22.015388

PDF Copy of the Study: Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

Image: MPL

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Pentamo wordpress webdesign  de Metamaterial Opens New Possibilities in Transformation Acoustics

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Pentamode metamaterials almost behave like fluids. Their manufacture opens new possibilities in transformation acoustics. (Source: CFN, KIT)

A team of scientists have created new material class through the manufacturin remote communication  g of a stable crystalline metafluid. The pentamode metamaterial is extremely light and displays mechanical behavior that is determined by the acuteness and length of the individual “sugar loaves.”

A research team lead by Professor Martin Wegener at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has succeeded in realizing a new material class through the manufacturing of a stable crystalline metafluid, a pentamode metamaterial. Using new nanostructuring methods, these materials can now be realized for the first time with any conceivable mechanical properties. The researchers will present their results in the cover story of the May issue of Applied Physics Letters. (DOI 10.1063/1.4709436)

The Rubicon was crossed, so to speak, at the DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) and at the Institute of Applied Physics (AP) in Karlsruhe during the past few months. Eventually, numerous three-dimensional transformation acoustics ideas, for example inaudibility cloaks, acoustic prisms or new loudspeaker concepts, could become reality in the near future.

So far, pentamodes, proposed in 1995 by Graeme Milton and Andrej Cherkaev, have been purely theoretical: The mechanical behavior of materials such as gold or water is expressed in terms of compression and shear parameters. Whereas the phenomenon that water, for example, can hardly be compressed in a cylinder is described through the compression parameter, the fact that it can be stirred in all directions using a spoon is expressed through the shear parameters.

The stable four-leg structure (shown in orange) is the basic element of the pentamode metamaterial. It is arranged in the form of a three-dimensional adamantine crystal such that the resulting material as a whole can be formed. (Source: CFN, KIT)

The word penta is derived from ancient Greek and means “five”. In the case of water, the five shear parameters equal zero, and only one parameter, compression, differs from that value. In terms of parameters, the ideal state of a pentamode metamaterial corresponds to the state of water, which is why that material is referred to as a metafluid. Theoretically, any conceivable mechanical properties whatsoever can be obtained by varying the relevant parameters.

“Realizing a pentamode metamaterial is about as difficult as trying to build a scaffold from pins that must not touch but at their tips,” first author Dr. Muamer Kadic explains. “The Karlsruhe prototype has been manufactured from a polymer. The mechanical behavior of the material is determined by the acuteness and length of the individual “sugar loaves”. On the one hand, we must be capable of designing small sugar loaves in the nanometer range and connect them to one another at the right angle. On the other hand, the entire structure must eventually become as large as possible. Since the material itself contributes only little more than one percent to the respective volume, the composite obtained is extremely light.

“To obtain similar 3D results, as in tran M2M gateway sformation optics, transformation acoustics is exclusively dependent on metamaterials. In view of this, this first manufacture of our pentamode metamaterial is a quite significant success,” adds Tiemo Bückmann, who is about to receive his diploma at the Institute of Applied Physics and is responsible for realizi 3g router ng the structures of the new material by means of dip-in laser writing, a method that has been derived from direct laser writing developed by the Nanoscribe company.

In recent years, a Professor at the Institute of Applied Physics and CFN coordinator, Martin Wegener and his collaborators, have developed direct laser writing and, based on that method, established optical lithography of three-dimensional nanostructures. Numerous achievements of Wegener’s group in transformation optics e.g., the first three-dimensional cloak of invisibility in the range of visible light have been due to that technique.

Image: CFN, KIT

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New System Filters Light  fault location  Waves Based on Direction

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In this photo of the angular-selective sample (the rectangular region), a beam of white light passes through as if the sample was transparent glass. The red beam, coming in at a different angle, is reflected away, as if the sample was a mirror. The other lines are reflections of the beams. (This setup is immersed in liquid filled with light-scattering ­parti ce certified-  cles to make the rays visible). Photo: Weishun Xu and Yuhao Zhang

Researchers from MIT have produced a system that allows light of any color to pass through only if it is coming from one specific angle.

Light waves can be defined by three fundamental characteristics: their color (or wavelength), polarization, and direction. While it has long been possible to selectively filter light according to its color or polarization, selectivity based on the direction of propagation has remained elusive.

But now, for the first time, MIT researchers have produced a system that allows light of any color to pass through only if it is coming from one specific angle; the technique reflects all light coming from other directions. This new approach could ultimately lead to advances in solar photovoltaics, detectors for telescopes and microscopes, and privacy filters for display screens.

The work is described in a paper appearing this week in the journal Science, written by MIT graduate student Yichen Shen, professor of physics Marin Soljačić, and four others. “We are excited about this,” Soljačić says, “because it is a very fundamental building block in our ability to control light.”

This video shows the full process of the experimental setup, with the sample rotating 90 degrees.

The new structure consists of a stack of ultrathin layers of two alternating materials where the  ipsec-vpn  thickness of each layer is precisely controlled. “When you have two materials, then generally at the interface between them you will have some reflections,” Soljačić explains. But at these interfaces, “there is this magical angle called the Brewster angle, and when you come in at exactly that angle and the appropriate polarization, there is no reflection at all.”

While the amount of light reflected at each of these interfaces is small, by combining many layers with the same properties, most of the light can be reflected away — except for that coming in at precisely the right angle and polarization.

Using a stack of about 80 alternating layers of precise thickness, Shen says, “We are able to reflect light at most of the angles, over a very broad band [of colors]: the entire visible range of frequencies.”

Previous work had demonstrated ways of selectively reflecting light except for one precise angle, but those approaches were limited to a narrow range of colors of light. The new system’s breadth could open up many potential applications, the team says.

Shen says, “This could have great applications in energy, and especially in solar thermophotovoltaics” — harnessing solar energy by using it to heat a material, which in turn radiates light of a particular color. That light emission can then be harnessed using a photovoltaic cell tuned to make maximum use of that color of light. But for this approach to work, it is essential to limit the heat and light lost to reflections, and re-emission, so the ability to selectively control those reflections could improve efficiency.

The findings could also prove useful in optical systems, such as microscopes and telescopes, for viewing faint objects that are close to brighter objects — for example, a faint planet next to a bright star. By using a system that receives light only from a certain angle, such devices could have an improved ability to detect faint targets. The filtering could also be applied to display screens on phones or computers, so only those viewing from directly in front could see them.

In principle, the angular selectivity can be made narrower simply by adding more layers to the stack, the researchers say. For the experiments performed so far, the angle of selectivity was about 10 degrees; roughly 90 percent of the light coming in within that angle was allowed to pass through.

While these experiments were done using layers of glass and tantalum oxide, Shen says that in principle any two materials with different refractive indices could be used.

John Pendry, a professor at Imperial College London who was not connected to this research, calls this an “ingenious application.”

“On a macroscopic scale this is equivalent to observing the world through a set of lo computer  uvers … that allow light to enter from one direction only,” Pendry says. “However, the new device is infinitely more refined, operating as it does on the length scale of a wavelength.”

The team also included MIT research scientist Ivan Celanovic; associate professor of mathematics Steven Johnson; John Joannopoulos, the Francis Wright Davis Professor of Physics; and Dexin Ye of Zhejiang University in China. The work was supported in part by the Army Research Office, through MIT’s Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, and the U.S. Department of Energy, through the MIT S3TEC Energy Research Frontier Center.

Publication: Yichen Shen, et al., “Optical Broadband Angular Selectivity,” Science 28 March 2014: Vol. 343 no. 6178 pp. 1499-1501; DOI: 10.1126/science.1249799

Image: Weishun Xu and Yuhao Zhang

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New Battery Tech Could Tr wired  iple the Range of Electric Vehicles

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New research at the University of Waterloo could lead to the development of batteries industrial wireless   that triple the range of electric vehicles.

The breakthrough involves the use of negative electrodes made of lithium metal, a material with the potential to dramatically increase battery storage capacity.

“This will mean cheap, safe, long-lasting batteries that give people much more range in their electric vehicles,” said Quanquan Pang, who led the research while he was a PhD candidate at Waterloo.

The increased storage capacity, or energy density, could boost the distance electric vehicles are able to travel on a single charge, from about 200 kilometres to 600 kilometres.

In creating the technology, Pang and fellow researchers, including supervisor Linda Nazar, a professor of chemistry and chemical engineering at Waterloo, had to overcome two challenges.

The first challenge involved a risk of fires and explosions caused by microscopic structural changes to the lithium metal during repeated charge-discharge cycles.

The second involved a reaction that creates corrosion and limits both how well the electrodes work and how long they last.

Researchers solved both problems by adding a chemical compound made of phosphorus and sulfur elements to the electrolyte liquid that carries electrical charge within batteries.

The compou Industrial router nd reacts with the lithium metal electrode in an already assembled battery to spontaneously coat it with an extremely thin protectiv grid LTE router  e layer.

“We wanted a simple, scalable way to protect the lithium metal,” said Pang, now a post-doctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “With this solution, we just add the compound and it works by itself.”

The novel approach paves the way for electric vehicle batteries that enjoy the benefits of lithium metal electrodes – greater storage capacity and therefore greater driving range – without comprising safety or reducing lifespan.

Publication: Quan Pang, et al., “An In Vivo Formed Solid Electrolyte Surface Layer Enables Stable Plating of Li Metal,” Joule, 2017; doi:10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.009

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Nanostructure Increases Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency by a Factor of Ele vending telemetry  ven

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PCN nanolayers under sunlight can split water. Image: Nannan Meng /Tianjin University

Polymeric carbon nitrides exhibit a catalytic effect in sunlight that substation monitoring   can be used for the production of hydrogen from solar energy. However, the efficiency of these metal-free catalysts is extremely low. A team at the Tianjin University in China, in collaboration with a group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, has increased the catalytic efficiency of these polymeric carbon nitrides by a factor eleven through a simple process resulting in a larger surface area. The paper was published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.

One of the major challenges of the energy transition is to supply energy even when the sun is not shining. Hydrogen production by splitting water with the help of sunlight could offer a solution. Hydrogen is a good energy storage medium and can be used in many ways. However, water does not simply split by itself. Catalysts are needed, for instance Platinum, which is rare and expensive. Research teams the world over are looking for more economical alternatives. Now a team headed by Dr. Tristan Petit from the HZB, together with colleagues led by Prof. Bin Zhang from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, has made important progress using a well-known class of metal-free photocatalysts.

Nanolayers with large pores

Bin Zhang and his team specialise in the synthesis of polymeric carbon nitrides (PCN) that is considered a good candidate as a catalyst for hydrogen production. The PCN molecules form a structure that can be compar wastewater treatment  ed to thin layers of filo pastry dough: sheets of this material lie on top of each other tightly packed together. The Chinese chemists have now succeeded by means of a relatively simple two-step heat treatment in separating the individual sheets from each other – the same way that puff pastry separates into individual crispy layers in the oven. The heat treatment produced samples consisting of individual nanolayers with large pores containing different amino groups with specific functionalities.

A heat treatment produced samples  Wireless ATM  consisting of individual nanolayers with large pores containing different amino groups with specific functionalities. Image: Nannan Meng /Tianjin University

Amino- and oxygenated groups analysed at BESSY II

Petit and his team investigated a series of these PCN samples at BESSY II. “We were able to determine which amino and oxygenated groups had been deposited in the pores”, PhD-student Jian Ren and co-first author of the publication explains. They could analyse how specific amino groups pull electrons to themselves, a particularly favourable property for splitting water, and how new oxygen-based defects were formed.

Efficiency increased by factor eleven

When combined with nickel as a co-catalyst, those samples of nanostructured PCN actually exhibited record-breaking efficiency, eleven times that of normal PCN under visible light irradiation.

Photocatalytic processes at BESSY II unraveled

“This demonstrates that PCN is an interesting potential catalyst for solar-to-hydrogen production, approaching the efficiency of inorganic catalysts,” explains Petit, who is a Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellow. “Furthermore, this work also shows that soft X-ray spectroscopies are essential tools to unravel possible catalytically active sites on photocatalysts.”

Publication: Nannan Meng, et al., “Engineering oxygen-containing and amino groups into two-dimensional atomically-thin porous polymeric carbon nitrogen for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production,” Energy & Environmental Science (2018) doi:10.1039/C7EE03592F

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

Chelyabinsk Mete M2M IoT gateway  orite Sheds New Light on Dinosaur Extinction

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Fragment of Chelyabinsk meteorite, showing the fusion crust — the result of a previous collision or near miss with another planetary body or with the sun. Credit: Dr. Victor Sharygin

New measurements on the Chelyabinsk meteorite rule out the possibility for the Baptistina Asteroid Family being the source of the K/T impactor.

Tucson, Arizonia — A long-standing debate about the source of the asteroid that impacted the Earth and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs has been put to rest thanks to the Chelyabinsk meteorite that disintegrated over Russia in February 2013, a new paper published in the journal Icarus shows.

Astronomers have debated whether the dinosaur killer was linked to the breakup of a large asteroid forming the Baptistina Asteroid Family (BAF) beyond Mars, some of which ended up on Earth-crossing orbits. The asteroid impacting Earth is thought to have been dark and carbonaceous. The BAF hypothesis was bolstered by them being dark and with a spectral shape similar to carbonaceous meteorites.

Analysis of the Chelyab vending vms insk meteorite shows that shock produced during catastrophic disruption of a large asteroid can darken otherwise bright silicate material. Shock darkening was first reported by Dan Britt (now at the University of Central Florida) in the early 1990s. The Chelyabinsk meteorite has both bright unshocked and dark shocked material. However, the details of the spectra of the dark Chelyabinsk material closely reproduces spectral signatures seen with members of the Baptistina Asteroid Family, said Planetary Science Institute Research Scientist Vishnu Reddy, lead author of “Chelyabinsk meteorite explains unusual spectral properties of Baptistina Asteroid Family” that appears in Icarus.

“Shock and impact melt can make bright asteroids dark,” Reddy said. “In other words, touchscreen vending   not all dark asteroids are rich in carbon as once thought.” The latest measurements rule out the possibility for the Baptistina family being the source of the K/T impactor, he added.

“The link between the K/T impacator, thought to be carbonaceous, and BAF, has been proved invalid,” Reddy said.

Chelyabinsk provided a great opportunity to see the mixture of shocked and unshocked material in a single meteorite, Reddy said while cautioning that no clear evidence exists that the Russian meteorite itself came from the Baptistina family.

“The new finding has implications for hazards from Near-Earth Objects and for mining asteroids for space-based resources,” Reddy said. “A potential target identified as primitive and rich in volatiles/organics and carbon based on its spectral colors could in fact be just shocked material with entirely different composition.”

PSI researchers David P. O’Brien and Lucille Le Corre were among the co-authors on the paper.

This research work was supported by grants from NASA’s Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program, NEOO Program and Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program.

Publication: Vishnu Reddy, et al., “Chelyabinsk meteorite explains unusual spectral properties of Baptistina Asteroid Family,” Icarus, Volume 237, 15 July 2014, Pages 116–130; DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.027

PDF Copy of Predictive Grid Analyticsthe Study: Chelyabinsk meteorite explains unusual spectral properties of Baptistina Asteroid Family

Image: Dr. Victor Sharygin

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