#vending touchscreen

[inhandnetworks-blog]

Astronomer zencart  s Discover the Brightest Quasar to Date in the Early Universe

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Researchers have discovered the brightest quasar yet known, detected from the period when the universe’s star-making hydrogen gas became ionized, known as “reionization.”

The international research team found the quasar’s exceptional brightness to be caused by gravitational lensing, a phenomenon by which the gravity of objects closer to Earth acts as a magnifying glass to observe objects much farther away in space.

Quasars are the bright cores found in some galaxies, powered by supermassive black holes. Their brightness is believed to come from the hot material that falls into the black hole.

Remote Maintenance

“The detection of this peculiar source in the faraway universe is a major discovery for a surprising reason,” said Yale postdoctoral associate Fabio Pacucci, co-author of a study which will be published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, as well as lead author of a follow-up paper on the theoretical implications of the discovery. “For decades we thought that lensed quasars should be very common in the faraway universe, but this is the first source of this kind that we have found.”

Pacucci and his colleagues said the super-bright quasar, catalogued as J043947.08+163415.7, could hold the record for being the brightest in the early universe for quite some time. It shines with light equivalent to 600 trillion suns and is located 12.8 billion light-years from Earth. As astronomers look farther into space in terms of distance, it allows th industrial internet of things  em to look farther back in time, closer to the time of the Big Bang.

The discovery was announced Jan. 9 during a press conference at the 233rd meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle. The lead investigator is Xiaohui Fan, Regents’ Professor of Astronomy at the University of Arizona’s Steward Observatory.

“This detection gives us a clue about how to find a population of ‘phantom quasars,’” Pacucci said. “These sources are difficult to detect, as our observations are misled by the presence of the lensing object, in-between the faraway quasar and the Earth. If they do exist, ‘phantom quasars’ could revolutionize our idea of the most ancient history of the universe.”

The researchers made use of multiple Hawaii-based observatories in their work, including Gemini Observatory, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT), the W.M. Keck Observatory, and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response Sys 3g router tem (Pan-STARRS1).

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

“Molecular Levers” Acc healthcare  elerate Reactions

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Researchers at Duke University found that a molecule made with a polynorbornene backbone  fault location  can act as a lever to open a ring embedded within the molecule 1000 times faster than a similar ring being tugged at on a polybutadiene scaffold. The discovery could be used to engineer more efficient materials.

Durham, North Carolina – In a forced game of molecular tug-of war, some s healthcare  trings of atoms can act like a lever, accelerating reactions 1000 times faster than other molecules. The discovery suggests that scientists could use these molecular levers to drive chemical and mechanical reactivity among atoms and ultimately engineer more efficient materials.

“We are interested in designing new, stress-responsive materials, so we are trying to develop reactions that are very slow normally but that can be accelerated efficiently by force,” said Duke chemist Steve Craig, who headed the research.

In recent experiments, Craig and his team found that a molecule made with a polynorbornene backbone can act as a lever to open a ring embedded within the molecule 1000 times faster than a similar ring being tugged at on a polybutadiene scaffold. The results, which appear in Nature Chemistry, suggest that a simple change in the backbone may affect the how fast mechanically assisted reactions occur.

Scientists are interested in this type of molecular tug-of-war because many materials break down after repeated cycles of tugging, stress and other forces. “If we can channel usually destructive forces into constructive pathways, we could trigger reactions that make the material stronger when and where it is most useful,” Craig said. Researchers might then be able to extend the material’s lifetime, which might in the long term have applications ranging from composites for airplane frames to biomedical implants.

In the experiment, Craig, who is a professor and chair of the chemistry department, and his team used the equivalent of microscopic tweezers to grab onto two parts of atomic chains and pulled them so that they would break open, or react, in certain spots. The team predicted that one molecule would react more efficiently th cashless vending  an the other but was surprised to find that the force-induced rates differed by three orders of magnitude, an amount that suggests that the polynorbornene backbone can actually accelerate forced reactions the way a crowbar quickens pulling a nail from a wall.

Craig said changes to the molecular group undergoing the reaction may have a much smaller effect than changes to nearby, unreactive molecules like those on the backbone. It is also a good starting point to identify other molecular backbones that are easy to make and have the largest response to changes in nearby reactions, features Craig said might help in developing even better, more responsive materials.

The research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the Army Research Office and National Science Foundation.

Citation: “A Backbone Lever Arm Effect Enhances Polymer Mechanochemistry.” (2012) Klukovich, H. et al. Nature Chemistry. AOP. DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.1540

Image: Molecular structure from Shutterstock

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Researc Distribution Power Line Monitoring  hers Test Hollow Optical Fibers for UV Light

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Electron-microscopic image of the new hollow-core optical fiber.

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have tested a new type of optical fiber with a hollow core, revealing that this type of optical fiber was able to guide UV laser light without being damaged and with acceptable loss. The new optical waveguides will improve precision investigations in physics, chemistry and life sciences.

If you want to send light on a trip through optical fibers – with as little loss as possible, you should opt for infrared l remote PLC programming  ight, as is the case, for example, in the telecommunication networks worldwide. For certain applications, such as spectroscopic investigations on ions or atoms, however, (laser) light in the ultraviolet range is required. But this type of light would quickly damage conventional optical fibers. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen/Germany and of the QUEST Institute, based at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), have tested a new type of optical fiber with a hollow core and have found out that this type of optical fiber was able to guide UV laser light without being damaged and with acceptable loss. Their investigations, which they h Overhead Line Monitoring  ave recently published in the journal “Optics Express”, are interesting for numerous applications: besides precision spectroscopy on atoms or ions and their use in optical atomic clocks or quantum computers, fluorescence  4g router microscopy in biology, the investigation of process plasmas, combustion studies on soot or the spectroscopy of greenhouse gases would be other possible fields of application.

Optical fibers usually have a solid glass core. This glass core is coated with an optically thinner material. The laws of physics ensure that a light beam is kept inside such a fiber thanks to total reflection and that it can be transported over long distances without significant loss. Such optical fibers are therefore widely used worldwide to transport light of different spectral ranges – from the infrared up to the visible light range. UV light, however, has a shorter wavelength and is therefore strongly absorbed by the glass used in most types of optical fibers and the fibers are quickly damaged by UV light.

At the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) in Erlangen, experiments with other types of optical fiber have been carried out for a few years. Now, it has turned out that a certain type of optical fibre is particularly well-suited for UV light: a microstructured photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with a so-called “Kagome structure” – a special pattern consisting of triangles and of hexagons in a regular arrangement – and a hollow core of 20 µm in diameter. This core ensures a single-mode guiding of the light – i.e. with a spatial intensity distribution similar to the shape of a Gaussian bell-shaped curve. The crucial question was to know whether this transport was really single-mode and damage-free, and this is what the metrological experts from the QUEST Institute at PTB had to find out. Their investigations have shown that in the case of the UV beam used, with a wavelength of 280 nm, single-mode transmission was possible and that even after more than 100 hours in operation at a power of 15 mW, no UV-induced damage could be detected.

The optical fibers have even passed a first application test: the researchers at the QUEST Institute have used them successfully for their spectroscopic investigations on trapped ions. Stabilized by the new fiber, the UV laser beam allows an improved interrogation of the ions’ internal state. Besides the users of such spectroscopic methods (for example in astronomy, chemistry or fundamental research in physics), this could also be useful for researchers who are developing quantum computers, since in that field, the internal states of a particle are the new digital 0s and 1s.

Publication: Florian Gebert, et al., “Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF,” Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 13, pp. 15388-15396 (2014); doi:10.1364/OE.22.015388

PDF Copy of the Study: Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

Image: MPL

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New System Simplifies Exc industrial equipmentel Programming

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In this illustration of the researchers' system in action, a user provides a pair of examples that correlate data — product names and dates — with an arithmetic expression. The system automatically determines the sources of the data — the tables below — and generalizes from the examples to additional expressions (in bold).

Customizing spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel is continuing to get easier and more efficient. Developed by an MIT graduate student and Microsoft researcher, a new system lets Excel users customize their spreadsheets by giving a few examples of how they want data processed and some of this work is already being implemented in beta tests.

Microsoft’s Visual Basic programming language lets Excel users customize their spreadsheets in all kinds of time-saving ways, but few people take advantage of it. Although designed to be intuitive and easy to use, Visual Basic can still be daunting to users with no previous programming experience.

As both an intern and a consultant at Microsoft, Rishabh Singh, a graduate student in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT, has worked with Microsoft Research’s Sumit Gulwani to develop a system that lets Excel users customize their spreadsheets simply by giving examples of how they want data processed. Singh and Gulwani describe the work in a pair of papers they’re presenting this summer at the Computer-Aided Verification and Very Large Databases conferences.

The system has two main components. The first, which Singh and Gulwani developed during Singh’s first internship at Microsoft, can modify text strings on the basis of a few examples. For instance, if you had a spreadsheet in which dates were entered in the form “17 January 2009,” you could simply type one or two examples of dates in the form “Jan. 17, 2009”; the system would automatically deduce that you want the order of the month and day reversed, the month truncated after the first three letters, and punctuation add ce certified-  ed in the appropriate places.

Changing tables

But over the last two years, Singh and Gulwani have greatly expanded the power of their system by allowing it to exploit tables that establish correlations between different types of data. Suppose that you had a column of data from an old database in which the date “January 17, 2009” was instead rendered in the form “011709.” With the latest version of the system, you could create a 12-entry table correlating numbers with the names of months: “01” for January, “02” for February, and so on. Now, again on the basis of just a few examples, the system would learn to convert the numbers in the text strings to the names of the corresponding months.

Table-based correlations are particularly useful because, in practice, companies often have multiple databases or spreadsheets that contain different types of data about the same objects. For instance, a company might have Excel files from different retailers reporting sales figures and separate in-house documents recor telemeter  ding R&D expenses for the same products. Using Singh and Gulwani’s system, an Excel user could create a new file that compares aggregated sales figures with aggregated R&D expenses, again just by providing a few examples. The user does not even need to specify which information came from which table: The system automatically finds correlations across different sources.

In the future, Singh and Gulwani’s work could find its way into a commercial release of Excel. Indeed, the latest beta release of Excel includes a simpler example-based training system based on some of Gulwani’s earlier work.

The blow-up

Technically, the chief challenge in designing the system was handling the explosion of possible interpretations for any group of examples. Suppose that you had a list of times in military format that you wanted to convert to conventional hour-and-minute format. Your first remote monitoring   example might be converting “1515” to “3:15.” But which 15 in the first string corresponds to the 15 in the second? It’s even possible that the string “3:15” takes its 1 from the first 1 in “1515” and its 5 from the second 5. Similarly, the first 15 may correspond to the 3, but it’s also possible that all the new strings are supposed to begin with 3’s.

“Typically, we have millions of expressions that actually conform to a single example,” Singh says. “Then we have multiple examples, and I’m going to intersect them to find common expressions that work for all of them.” The trick, Singh explains, was to find a way to represent features shared by many expressions only once each. In experiments, Singh and Gulwani found that they never needed more than three examples in order to train their system.

“If you look at the macros [small programs] that one would have to write in order to perform those text transformations manually, compared to the few demonstrations that you do as an end-user, it’s quite amazing how much programming you can avoid doing through this system,” says Rastislav Bodík, an associate professor of computer science at the University of California at Berkeley who specializes in automatic program synthesis.

Bodík says the researchers addressed two central technical problems. The first is that “you need to search humongous spaces of programs,” Bodík says, “so you need good algorithms for doing search in that space of programs that can prune effectively huge subspaces.” But the second problem “is the interaction with the user,” Bodík says. “It seems that they figured out a pretty nice system for how the user can convey to the synthesizer of programs what they have in mind without really having to know what’s going on underneath.”

Image: MIT News Office

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

New Artificial Intelligence Device Identifies Objects at the Speed of L industrial iot connectivityight

www.inhandnetworks.com

The network, compose IoT Remote Monitoring  d of a series of polymer layers, works using light that travels through it. Each layer is 8 centimeters square. Ozcan Research Group/UCLA

A team of UCLA electrical and computer engineers has created a physical artificial neural network — a device modeled on how the human brain works — that can analyze large volumes of data and identify objects at the actual speed of light. The device was created using a 3D printer at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering.

Numerous devices in everyday life today use computerized cameras to identify objects — think of automated teller machines that can “read” handwritten dollar amounts when you deposit a check, or internet search engines that can quickly match photos to other similar images in their databases. But those systems rely on a piece of equipment to image the object, first by “seeing” it with a camera or optical sensor, then processing what it sees into data, and finally using computing programs to figure out what it is.

Schematic of the optical neural network: The digit “5” is sent as a light signal through the layers comprised of artificial neurons. That light bounces around as it travels through the layers, but when it exits, the brightest signal is picked up by the detector looking only for a “5.” Ozcan Research Group/UCLA

The UCLA-developed device gets a head start. Called a “diffractive deep neural network,” it uses the light bouncing from the object itself to identify that object in as little time as it would take for a computer to simply “see” the object. The UCLA device does not need advanced computing programs to process an image of Transformer Monitoring   the object and decide what the object is after its optical sensors pick it up. And no energy is consumed to run the device because it only uses diffraction of light.

New technologies based on the device could be used to speed up data-intensive tasks that involve sorting and identifying objects. For example, a driverless car using the technology could react instantaneously — even faster than it does using current technology — to a stop sign. With a device based on the UCLA system, the car would “read” the sign as soon as the light from the sign hits it, as opposed to having to “wait” for the car’s camera to image the object and then use its computers to figure out what the object is.

Technology based on the invention could also be used in microscopic imaging and medicine, for example, to sort through millions of cells for signs of disease.

The study was published online in Science on July 26.

“This work opens up fundamentally new opportunities to use an artificial intelligence-based passive device to instantaneously analyze data, images and classify objects,” said Aydogan Ozcan, the study’s principal investigator and the UCLA Chancellor’s Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. “This optical artificial neural network device is intuitively modeled on how the brain processes information. It could be scaled up to enable new camera designs and unique optical components that work passively in medical technologies, robotics, security or any application where image and video data are essential.”

The process of creating the artificial neural network began with a computer-simulated design. Then, the researchers used a 3D printer to create very thin, 8 centimeter-square polymer wafers. Each wafer has uneven surfaces, which help diffract light coming from the object in different directions. The layers look opaque to the eye but submillimeter-wavelength terahertz frequencies of light used in the experiments can travel through them. And each layer is composed of tens of thousands of artificial neurons — in this case, tiny pixels that the light travels through.

Together, a series of pixelated layers functions as an “optical network” that shapes how incoming light from the object trave smart vending  ls through them. The network identifies an object because the light coming from the object is mostly diffracted toward a single pixel that is assigned to that type of object.

The researchers then trained the network using a computer to identify the objects in front of it by learning the pattern of diffracted light each object produces as the light from that object passes through the device. The “training” used a branch of artificial intelligence called deep learning, in which machines “learn” through repetition and over time as patterns emerge.

“This is intuitively like a very complex maze of glass and mirrors,” Ozcan said. “The light enters a diffractive network and bounces around the maze until it exits. The system determines what the object is by where most of the light ends up exiting.”

In their experiments, the researchers demonstrated that the device could accurately identify handwritten numbers and items of clothing — both of which are commonly used tests in artificial intelligence studies. To do that, they placed images in front of a terahertz light source and let the device “see” those images through optical diffraction.

They also trained the device to act as a lens that projects the image of an object placed in front of the optical network to the other side of it — much like how a typical camera lens works, but using artificial intelligence instead of physics.

Because its components can be created by a 3D printer, the artificial neural network can be made with larger and additional layers, resulting in a device with hundreds of millions of artificial neurons. Those bigger devices could identify many more objects at the same time or perform more complex data analysis. And the components can be made inexpensively — the device created by the UCLA team could be reproduced for less than $50.

While the study used light in the terahertz frequencies, Ozcan said it would also be possible to create neural networks that use visible, infrared or other frequencies of light. A network could also be made using lithography or other printing techniques, he said.

The study’s others authors, all from UCLA Samueli, are postdoctoral scholars Xing Lin, Yair Rivenson, and Nezih Yardimci; graduate students Muhammed Veli and Yi Luo; and Mona Jarrahi, UCLA professor of electrical and computer engineering.

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Ozcan also has UCLA faculty appointments in bioengineering and in surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He is the associate director of the UCLA California NanoSystems Institute and an HHMI professor.

Publication: Xing Lin, et al., “All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks,” Science 26 Jul 2018: eaat8084; DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8084

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

Nanotweezers Open the Door to New Innovations in Medicine, Mobi industrial wireless router  le Tech

www.inhandnetworks.com

Fig. 1: Working principle of OTENT.a, Surface charge modification of a metal nanoparticle by CTAC adsorption.b, Formation of CTAC micelles.c, Schematic view of a Cl−ion.d, Dispersion of a single metal particle and multiple ions in the solution without optical heating.e, Thermophoretic migration of the ions under optical heating.f, Steady ionic distribution under optical heating generates a thermoelectric fieldETfor trapping the metal nanoparticle. The repulsive electric fieldErarises from the positive charges of the thermoplasmoic substrate and balancesET.g, Simulated in-plane temperature gradient∇Trand direction of the corresponding trapping force.h, Simulated out-of-plane temperature gradient∇Tzand direction of the corresponding trapping force. The incident laser beam ine–hhas a diameter of 2 μm and an optical power of 0.216 mW. The green arrows ingandhshow the direction of the trapping force.Nature Photonics(2018) doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0134-3

It’s difficult to conceptualize a world where humans could casually manipulate nanoscale objects at will or even control their own biological matter at a cellular level with light. But that is precisely what Yuebing Zheng, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, is working toward with his “nanotweezers” — a new tool for handling nanoparticles using light that could create opportunities for innovations in nanotechnology and individual health monitoring.

Building upon several years of research, Zheng and his team from the Cockrell School of Engineering have developed opto-thermoelectric nanotweezers (OTENT) that will help lead to a greater understanding of matter and biological systems and open a range of possibilities for fundamental and technical innovation in nanophotonics — the study of light-matter interaction on the nanometer scale. They explain their new work in the latest issue of the journal Nature Photonics.

“Until now, we simply did not know how to manipulate nanoparticles using optical heating,” Zhe remote PLC programming  ng said. “With our nanotweezers, we can not only control particles at the nanoscale, we can also analyze the particles and control the coupling in-situ.”

Video of opto-termoelectric nanotweezers (OTENT) in action. Credit: Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin

For one of the demonstrated applications of nanotweezers, Zheng worked with UT Austin chemical engineering professor Brian Korgel, who this year was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his breakthrough work in nanocrystals and nanowires.

“This project was really interesting for me,” Korgel said. “It was led by a group in mechanical engineering who had discovered a way to manipulate individual nanoparticles and nanowires. Their expertise was in building the photonics machines but not in making the materials to use for the experiments. So, my group developed the synthesis of the nanowires used in the study. It was a great collaboration.”

Ernst-Ludwig Florin, associate professor of physics and a member of UT’s Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, along with graduate student Emanuel Lissek, provided Industrial 3G Cellular Modem   additional expertise in precision measurements by demonstrating the strength of the nanotweezers.

This cooperation between nanophotonics, nanochemistry and nanophysics research has provided the tools to manipulate and analyze nanoparticles in ways that have, until now, been beyond our reach. The UT research team has demonstrated how, using their nanotweezers, light can be used at the nanoscale in the same way mechanical tweezers are used to handle larger samples.

As a general technique, the nanotweezers are applicable to a wide range of metal, semiconductor, polymer and dielectric nanostructures with charged or hydrophobic surfaces. Thus far, researchers have successfully “trapped” silicon nanospheres, silica beads, polystyrene beads, silicon nanowires, germanium nanowires and metal nanostructures. The further arrangement of these nanomaterials in a rationally designed manner can lead to a better understanding of how matter organizes and potential discovery of new functional materials.

In a biological setting, Zheng believes that live cell manipulation and cell-to-cell communication will probably be a primary research focus for engineers wishing to exploit the capabilities afforded by the nanotweezers.

“Optimization of the current system to make it bio-compatible is the next step of our project,” Zheng said. “We expect to use our tweezers to manipulate biological cells and molecules at single-molecule resolution, to control drug release and to study the cell-cell interaction. The manipulation and analysis of biological objects will open a new door to early disease d transformer monitoring  iagnosis and the discovery of nanomedicine.”

Zheng is confident the technology will be commercialized, even to the point where nanotweezers could be adapted for use in a smartphone app, almost like a modern-day Swiss army knife.

“That’s what we hope,” he said. “We also see great opportunities in outreach education, perhaps for students who want to see what a cell really looks like. In addition, it could be used to assess how healthy one’s immune system is functioning. It has the potential to be an important mobile diagnostic tool, giving people more autonomy over their own health care.”

This work is supported by the Beckman Young Investigator Program, the Army Research Office, the NASA Early Career Faculty Award, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the Robert A. Welch Foundation and the National Science Foundation.

Publication: Linhan Lin, et al., “Opto-thermoelectric nanotweezers,” Nature Photonics (2018) doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0134-3

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

Engine lte cat 1  ers from Brown Develop Key Component for Terahertz Wireless

www.inhandnetworks.com

Terahertz waves leak out of a small slit in the antenna at different angles, depending on frequency. The rec wireless communication  eiver can be tuned to select one angle, plucking a single data channel from a stream containing many channels.

Engineers from Brown University have made progress on a key component for terahertz wireless: multiplexing and de-multiplexing a terahertz stream.

Terahertz radiation could one day provide the backbone for wireless systems that can deliver data up to one hundred times faster than today’s cellular or Wi-Fi networks. But there remain many technical challenges to be solved before terahertz wireless is ready for prime time.

Researchers from Brown University have taken a major step toward addressing one of those challenges. They’ve developed what they believe to be the first system for multiplexing terahertz waves. Multiplexers are devices that enable separate streams of data to travel through a single medium. It’s the technology that makes it possible for a single cable to carry multiple TV channels or for a fiber optic line to carry thousands of phone calls at the same time.

“Any terahertz communications application is going to need some form of multiplexing and demultiplexing,” said Daniel Mittleman, professor of engineering at Brown and senior author of a paper describing the new device. “This is, to our knowledge, the first time anyone has demonstrated a viable strategy for multiplexing in the terahertz range.”

The research was published September 14 in Nature Photonics.

Today’s cellular and Wi-Fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data. But the increasing demands for data transfer are quickly becoming more than microwaves can handle. Terahertz waves have a much higher frequency and therefore more potential bandwidth. Scientists and engineers have only recently begun exploring the potential of terahertz waves, however. As a result, many of the components for a terahertz wireless network — including multiplexers — have not yet been developed.

The multiplexer that Mittleman and his colleagues have been working on makes use of what’s known as a leaky wave antenna. In this case, the antenna is made from two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide. One of the plates has a small slit in it. As terahertz waves travel down the waveguide, some of the radiation leaks out of the slit. It turns out that terahertz waves leak out a different angles depending on their frequency.

“That means if you put in 10 different frequencies between the plates — each of them potentially carrying a unique data stream — they’ll come out at 10 different angles,” Mittleman said. “Now you’ve separated them and that’s demultiplexing.”

On the other end, a receivsmart grid sensorer could be tuned to accept radiation at a particular angle, thus receiving data from only one stream.

“We think it’s definitely a reasonable solution to meet the needs of a terahertz communication network,” said Nicholas Karl, a graduate student at Brown and the paper’s lead author. Karl led the experiments on the device with fellow graduate student Robert McKinney. Other authors on the study are Rajind Mendis, a research professor at Brown, and Yasuaki Monnai from Keio University in Tokyo.

One of the advantages to the approach, the researchers say, is that by adjusting the distance between the plates, it’s possible to adjust the spectrum bandwidth that can be allocated to each channel. That could be especially useful when such a device is deployed for use in a data network.

“For example, if one user suddenly needs a ton of bandwidth, you can take it from others on the network who don’t need as much just by changing the plate spacing at the right location,” Mittleman said.

The group plans to continue its work to refine the device. A research group from Osaka University is collaborating with Mittleman’s group to implement the device in a prototype terahertz network they’re building.

“This is a first-generation, proof-of-concept device,” Ka 4g-lte  rl said. “There are still things we can do to improve it and we’ll continue to study it.”

Mittleman hopes that the work will challenge other researchers to start developing components for terahertz networks.

“The biggest impact this may have is it may just be the kick that people need to start thinking about this issue,” Mittleman said. “That means they’ll start coming up with clever ideas that are entirely different from this one.”

The work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the W.M. Keck Foundation.

Publication: Nicholas J. Karl, et al., “Frequency-division multiplexing in the terahertz range using a leaky-wave antenna,” Nature Photonics (2015); doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.176

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ANU Archaeologist Uneart Industrial IoT Products  hs Ancient Human Remains

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ANU Archaeologist Dr Catherine Frieman & co-direc Android Industrial Computer  tor James Lewis with funerary pot in situ. SEKAS

An ANU archaeologist has hailed her excavation of a Bronze Age burial mound in south west England a huge success with the discovery of an intact 4,000 year old human cremation as well as evidence of unaccountable activity from the medieval period on the same site.

Dr Catherine Frieman recently excavated an untouched ancient barrow near the town of Looe in South East Cornwall. Her 14 day-dig over Easter was the first time such a site in the area has been excavated to modern archaeological standards.

She said when digging began, local farmers told her they’d ploughed the field in their childhood, so she didn’t expect the site to be so well preserved.

“We were so excited to find such a lot of archaeology on the site despite scores of generations of ploughing, but to find an intact clay urn buried 4,000 years ago just 25 centimetres beneath the surface is nothing short of a miracle,” said Dr Frieman.

Intact 4,000 year-old Bronze Age cremation pot. SEKAS

This and othe inhand networks r evidence from the site has led her to conclude there was most likely a large mound over the burial which existed from prehistory well into the middle ages protecting the centre of the barrow.

“This is a sealed, intact cremation so it has the potential to tell us a lot about the cremation rite as it was practiced 4,000 years ago. We also appear to have some identifiable fragments of bone among the cremated remains so we’ll potentially be able to tell a lot about the individual themselves,& Vending Computer  rdquo; she said.

“We’ll be able to say what gender they were, possibly their age, or an age range, and depending on the bone preservation we can conduct analyses to examine where they were from, what their diet was like, where this food was coming from and what they ate and drank as a child when their teeth were forming. This is a very beautiful, very complete burial, and we’re very excited,” she said.

Other items found include various examples of Cornish Bronze Age pottery, flint tools and two high-quality hammer stones, used to make flint tools. However, what has puzzled Dr Frieman and her team was the discovery of medieval activity on the same site.

“The site has thrown up a big mystery for us because we found what we believe is an entire – albeit crushed – medieval pot from the 12thor 13thcentury AD, carefully placed under a couple of layers of flat stones. It had some cooked food remains adhering to it and we don’t know what it’s doing there or why.”

“Hundreds of years after the barrow was built, someone from the 12thor 13thcentury came back to this site and dug into it to bury this pot.

“At that stage there were two local monasteries in view of this site, as Looe Island was a satellite monastery of the Glastonbury Abbey, so it would be very strange to have non-Christian activity on this site. The evidence looks quite ritualistic, but what the ritual was, we don’t know,” she said.

The team also excavated a round house – an ancient dwelling or land marker nearby, possibly from 500 BC and are trying to deduce possible reasons for the location of the barrow.

“This was a traversed place and regularly visited over the millennia, it affords a sweeping view of the south coast of England and we know that there are a series of Bronze Age shipwrecks off this coast, so this was an important shipping highway in prehistory.”

The analysis of soil, pollen, flint and other samples is underway but it will probably be a year before a comprehensive story of the find is possible.

Dr Frieman said the dig would not have been possible without the help of a team of enthusiastic and skilled volunteers from the Cornwall Archaeological Society, the tenant farmers, John and Vanessa Hutchings and the strong support of the National Trust who own and manage the site and their Regional Archaeologist James Parry.

The excavation was funded through a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) and a contribution from the ANU College of Archaeology and Anthropology.

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