#vetstudent

[fray-ah]

december 1, 2024

passed all my exams of the 1st quarter, and we’ve now started cytology & histology as well as anatomy & fysiology 🔬

i’m enjoying it so much, despite starting classes at 8am every morning, and so far i have managed to balance everything and still get 8 hours of sleep every night 😌

[vetisntdead]

The best kind of online lecture is one where the presenter has to yell at one of their pets off screan

[lizziedoesvetpath]

Please, pretty please, help me pass pathology. What are your top tips for veterinary pathology (if you want a more specific thing to focus on, cattle and sheep path but also accepting broad tips to help me pass my goddamn exams)? ❤️❤️❤️

Studying pathology can definitely seem overwhelming at times (trust me, I'm still overwhelmed at times too!). I've written a few posts before about how to study for pathology, but unfortunately the hellsite is currently hiding them from me. However, the common thread in all my recommendations is this:

Everything in pathology is a process. Find the pattern, and it will all come together.

But Lizzie, you say, what the hell does that mean?

Any disease that you need to learn about will have common points that you need to know. Different people will teach these in different ways, so sometimes you can't see this thread, but it's always there. At vet school, I would go through the notes I had for each condition I needed to know about (usually grouped by organ system and species affected) and note down these key points:

1. Aetiology: what causes this problem? 2. Source: how and where does the animal get the problem (for infectious causes, what is the route of transmission? Is it genetic? If it's nutritional, what are they eating?) 3: Process: how do we get from aetiology and source to the lesions and clinical signs? This part can and should be a flow chart (e.g: canine parvovirus infects crypt epithelium > necrosis > loss of villus epithelial coverage > fluid loss, hemorrhage, secondary infections > diarrhoea, sepsis). Add as much detail as you can or as much as your professor provides. 4: Clinical signs: why is the animal presenting? What signs are pathognomonic or particularly specific (those make good clues in exam questions). Include whether this you'll see sporadic disease or outbreaks, key signalment points. 5: Gross lesions: what will you see on physical exam and at necropsy? Look for specific changes as above 6: Clinical pathology: bloodwork, urinalysis, FNA etc. 7: Histologic lesions: what will you see under the microscope or what will the pathologist's report say? You may or may not be required to know this at vet school, check what your professor wants. 8: Outcome: do animals survive this disease? Can they survive this disease?

Those 8 points should cover just about everything you need to know about any given condition. You can tweak the structure as suits you, but I found that when I structured my notes like that I had all the answers to my exam questions, and having a consistent flow through my notes helped it all stick in my brain because I wasn't searching for things while studying and I didn't have to jump around. There is, unfortunately, a lot of memorization in pathology, so I recommend making use of whatever memory aids help (flashcards etc.). Find this info, plug it into the system you like, and don't lose hope.

Good luck!

[vetgirlontherun]

#vetgirl #vetgirlontherun #veterinarian #vet #vetmed #veterinarian #vettech #vetstudent #vetnurse #veterinaryproblems #vetmedlaughs #veterinarymedicinelife #vetgirlontherun #vetmedlife #theveterinarylife #vetmed #veterinarian #vettech #vetstudent #vetnurse #veterinarymedicine #vetmedlife #repost https://www.instagram.com/p/COg_LK4BIKy/?igshid=1ig1ps8r3remx

[funnywildlife]

View this post on Instagram

@savingthesurvivors Update SOUND ON!! Awesome sounds from a Lioness we recently collared and nearby Hyenas! They are known as Eternal Enemies – Lion and Hyena! We were pleased to pick up a Lioness recently which we collared in a game reserve, as you can see she is doing very well. She and a few subadults were on a zebra kill, with the ever present Hyena lurking in the shadows, making their presence known with the all too familiar squeals and laughter…. It is only with your support that we are able to carry our proactive work like this. And it is every bit as important as our emergency work. Collars assist us and the reserve tremendously to understand the movements and interactions of these lion prides, so they can be better protected and cared for. Please help us to create hope from hurt and continue to save the survivors by donating via the link of the button in our Bio. * Thank you @bitclout_ Community members @clayperrymusic @wendyleigh who lent their support. #veterinarian #wildography #wildlifevet #bigcatrescue #conservation #lion  #poaching #mozambique #hunting #huntingconservation #lions #lionsofinstagram #wildlife_perfection  #wildlifetourism #safari #vet #vets #veterinarymedicine #vetstudent #veterinarian #animalrescue #animallovers #ecotourism #charity #donatetoday #animallovers #savingthesurvivors #creatinghopefromhurt https://www.instagram.com/p/CSHBYGTAJVa/?utm_medium=tumblr

[polish-studygirl]

Last night before physiology exam

Hope I pass as this is my second time taking this exam, last time in June I needed only 3 more points to pass 😢

[vetstudentnl]

"Imagine this is in you bladder budding up over a couple of years. Today we relieved it of this problem. Life is good for him now.

Hardly any symptoms. Just a bulge in the belly. 25 year old lizard that likely got a little dehydrated or too much protein to get the uric acid and calcium stone developing. "

From The Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic of Arizona

[drmannimal]

Can eyes “pop out”?

In short, the answer is yes.

In emergency practice you may see traumatic proptosis, seen on the schedule as “dogs eye popped out, on the way immediately”.

Experiencing this diagnosis for the first time can be quite shocking, and even nerve wracking. How do I fix this? What do I do? Will the eye be okay?

Proptosis is caused by a traumatic event, often blunt force trauma, and is especially likely in brachycephalic breeds (the ones with the short faces and buggy eyes). 

The eyelids become trapped behind the globe (eyeball) and prevent the globe from returning to its normal position. Swelling of the surrounding tissues further prevents the ability of the globe to return.

What to discuss with the owners.

Prognosis ~25% of dogs will regain vision, this number is much less in cats. If PLR is intact, prognosis for return to vision is improved. The globe may remain comfortable with or without vision though the following factors worsen prognosis: skull fracture, tearing of multiple extraocular muscles, and globe rupture.  Clinical Pearl - without globe rupture or obvious severe trauma, the only way to know if comfort or vision will be maintained is time. Advise clients that despite treatment, the eye may need to be removed later.

Brachycephalic Being brachycephalic may improve the prognosis for the eye as less force is needed to displace the eye, as opposed to severe force that is likely to cause additional damage in a non-bracycephalic breed.  However, this animal is more prone to recurrence of proptosis, including the other eye, due to conformation. Discuss possible referral options to help prevent recurrence - medial canthotomy can be performed to tighten the eyelids around the healthy eye.

Treatment

There are two treatment options, depending upon severity of presentation.

Tarsorrhaphy If the globe appears to possibly be salvageable, this option may save the eye, and in a small percentage also save the vision. When stable, the patient is anesthetized for the procedure. Copious amounts of lubricant is applied and the globe is returned to position. Once in position, multiple horizontal mattress sutures with stenting material (sterile IV tubing, buttons) are placed. Sometimes a lateral canthotomy is performed to further open the eyelids and assist closure. Multiple medications are to be sent home including oral antibiotics, pain medication, topical antibiotics and topical atropine. Sutures remain for 2-3 weeks (with an e-collar) - at which time, they are removed and the fate of the globe is determined. 

Possible complications include corneal ulceration, retinal degeneration, cataract formation, strabismus, keratoconjunctivitis sica, etc.

If the eye has any significant complications at suture removal, enucleation may be pursued.

Enucleation If there are negative prognostic indicators as discussed above, enucleation may be elected at the time of presentation. Otherwise, enucleation may be elected after tarsorrhaphy with unideal final results. For example, a globe with severe strabismus and cataract formation preventing vision.

Summary 

This is an EMERGENCY and requires prompt attention with clear communication with the owner. They should be informed of prognosis and complicating factors to help guide their decision for tarsorrhaphy vs enucleation.

When electing tarsorrhaphy the owner must be adequately informed of possible complications, the low chance of return to vision, and the possibility of requiring enucleation after 2-3 weeks.