"Scandinavia with its pine and birch forests, fjords and mountains is home to one of the last Pagans in Europe: The Saami people practicing shamanism. In Russia, there's the Mari El people that hold on to their pagan belief. Scandinavia is of course known for the many North Germanic tribes in between the 8th and 11th Century which we call the Viking Age. These tribes diversified out of the mysterious Proto-Germanic language group dating back to 500 BC in an Area of northern Germany and Denmark. Many migrations from the East like the Yamna culture have been identified as the Proto-Indo-European culture which was spoken as a single language around the Black Sea. But Scandinavia has even more ancient cultures to offer: The Funnelbeaker culture from 4200 - 2600 BCE. Shamanic rituals have already been practiced in the third period of the Neolithic: The Stone Age. During the last Ice Age, Europe was arctic Tundra and Glaciers, not forests, once the ice melted, it became fertile. Hunting Ice Age animals was necessary for survival: but it seems they were also important for rituals. The Funnelbeaker culture introduced animal husbandry, farming/agriculture to the Scandinavian hunter-gatherers, a mix of mesolithic hunting culture and neolithic farming culture. Distinctive collared flask ceramic pottery is the reason why it is called Funnelbeaker. Along the coasts, Stone Age huts of the Mesolithic Ertebølle culture sowly became the wooden longhouses of the Funnelbeaker; They grew wheat and barley, mined copper and flintstone. They've left us dolmens, burial sites, ceramics. Some finds are as old as 5,500 years like ceramic vessels and axes. The Neolithic Revolution brought farming to Europe: Merged hunter-gatherers with farming cultures. The Funnelbeaker is to Scandinavia what the Starčevo–Körös culture is to the Balkans - including the Turdaș-Vinča culture with symbols we recently craft with. In western Europe, it is the Linear Pottery culture. Back then, during the Stone Age, people already practiced rituals, honored Gods and Spirits as shown in the Neolithic Spirit masks that were found.