#war journalism

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WWII brought a new wave of positions in and out of the military for women to take part of. But war journalism was something few women had been involved in until this time. Journalisminaction.org breaks down how this came to change, explaining, “Women were called upon to fill the vacant jobs in factories and businesses, and as war correspondents.” It is widely known women fulfilled emptying roles left by deployed soldiers, but less known is they took up journalism jobs that were not accessible to them before.  

This change in the rules led to people all over the world hearing and seeing what women made or reported on. They used all the same kinds of mediums as men, “Female journalists in print, photography, and radio made important contributions to the war effort by informing citizens at home and highlighting the human devastation of the conflict,” and added to the conversation just the same, but weren’t given access to everything. 

These woman war journalists were banned from more extreme combat zones and violent situations. One journalist who refused to listen to these orders was May Craig. May Craig covered the “V-bomb raids in London and the liberation of Paris,” as well as campaigned for women to share the same rights as men, as noted by Journalisminaction.org. She was also a member of Eleanor Roosevelt’s Press Conference Association.  

Her contributions to journalism and women's rights has not been forgotten. The Library of Congress describes her efforts, "The former suffragist also spearheaded countless initiatives to raise the professional status of female news correspondents in the corridors of official power and the capital press corps," and has a collection of pictures of her working and examples of some of her work displayed on their website.

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I know enough to know that no woman should ever marry a man who hated his mother.

- Martha Gellhorn, Selected Letters

Martha Gellhorn was a novelist, travel writer, journalist, and a pioneering war correspondent who covered most of the major conflicts of the 20th century. She was the third wife of author Ernest Hemingway.

Martha met Ernest in Key West, Florida, in December of 1936 at the bar, Sloppy Joe’s. She was 28 years old; he was 39, and she had admired Hemingway since her college days.

The following year, Martha and Ernest both traveled to Spain to report on the Spanish Civil War and began an affair that would last for years. She wrote for Collier’s, while he was reporting for the North American Newspaper Alliance.

On November 4, 1940, after fifteen years together, Hemingway divorced Pauline. Seventeen days later he and Martha were married in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

After they were married, the couple moved to Havana and Martha rented a 19th-century estate twelve miles outside the city, called Finca Vigia - Spanish for “Lookout Farm.” Hemingway would eventually buy the property and it would be his home for the next twenty years.

By the summer of 1943, the tide of war in Europe had begun to turn and Martha was intent on covering the Allied advance. In September, she left for England without Hemingway, to report for Collier’s. He begged her to return to Cuba; she urged him to join her in London, instead. In early 1944, Martha returned to Cuba, hoping somehow to reassure her husband and rebuild their marriage. It did not work. Finally, Martha told him she “was going back to London whether he came or not.”

Eventually, Ernest agreed to go. He signed on with Collier’s, thus ensuring that Gellhorn would be overshadowed at the magazine for which she wrote regularly. He also arranged to travel separately from her, arriving in London eleven days before she did. During that time he would meet the woman he would eventually leave Martha for: a correspondent named Mary Welsh.

When Martha arrived in London it was clear their relationship was over. She walked out after an argument at London's Dorchester Hotel, the only one of Ernest’s wives to leave him.

She continued to report on the war. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, she stowed away on a hospital ship, the only woman to land at Normandy. And she was there when the Allies liberated Dachau.

The following year, on March 1, 1945, Martha and Ernest officially divorced.

After the war, Gellhorn continued to travel, write, and cover conflicts around the globe. In a career that spanned more than six decades, she authored numerous novels — including a memoir and a collection of her war journalism — and several well-reviewed novellas.

In her last years, Martha was in poor health, suffering from ovarian cancer and failing eyesight. She committed suicide at her home in London on 15 February  1998, at the age of 89.

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Media in Times of War: Propaganda, Misinformation, and Social Perception | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS

Explore the role of media in times of war, focusing on how propaganda and misinformation shape public perception, influence narratives, and

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War and fashion photographer Toni Frissel's "Portrait of Tuskegee airman Edward M. Thomas, standing" hosted on The Library of Congress' website.

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U.S. Army, press censorship in World War I

Fort Huachuca, Arizona - When military intelligence became a full-fledged member of the War Department's General Staff, it took on a number

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The First Casualty of War

Introduction The famous words “the first casualty of war is truth” have echoed across history, a solemn reminder of how truth often falls victim to the fog and chaos of conflict. From ancient battles to modern-day wars, this adage holds a disturbing relevance, as nations and combatants engage in a battle not only for territory but also for the narrative that shapes public perception. The Fog of…

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