Sator Square
The Sator Square (or Rotas Square) is a word square containing a five-word Latin palindrome. It features in early Christian as well as in magical contexts. The earliest example of the square dates from the ruins of Pompeii, which some scholars attribute to pre-Christian origins, such as Jewish or Mithraic.
It is a 5 × 5 square made up of five 5-letter words, thus consisting of 25 letters in total, all derived from 8 Latin letters: 5 consonants (S, T, R, P, N) and 3 vowels (A, E, O).
It is a square two-dimensional palindrome with four symmetries (its symmetry group is the Klein four-group), being identity, two diagonal reflections, and 180-degree rotation. The text may be read top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top, left-to-right, or right-to-left; and it may be rotated 180 degrees and still be read in all those ways.
Translation:
SATOR (nominative or vocative noun) (from serere=to sow) sower, planter, founder, progenitor (usually divine); originator; literally “seeder”.
AREPO unknown, likely a proper name, either invented or, perhaps, of Egyptian origin, e.g. coded form of the name Harpocrates or Hor-Hap (Serapis).
TENET (verb) (from tenere=to hold) he/she/it holds, keeps, comprehends, possesses, masters, preserves, sustains.
OPERA (nominative, ablative or accusative noun) work, care, aid, labour, service, effort/trouble; (from opus): (nominative, accusative or vocative noun) works, deeds; (ablative) with effort.
ROTAS (rotās, accusative plural of rota) wheels; (verb) you (singular) turn or cause to rotate.
