WPA Full Form:WPA stands for Wireless Protected Access is a security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. This standard has been widely adopted by wireless network providers who offer their customers the ability to connect to public hotspots without sharing personal information or having to enter a password.With WPA2, you can securely access free Wi-Fi networks at coffee shops, hotels, airports, and other locations.View QuizComplete LessonNext LessonReset LessonKey Terms:WPA2WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a wireless security standard developed by Wi-Fi Alliance. It was first introduced in 2003 and replaced WPA (Wi-Fi Protection Association). The goal of WPA2 is to provide stronger encryption than WPA while maintaining backward compatibility. WPA2 uses AES-CCMP (AES Counter Mode with CBC-MAC Protocol), a stream cipher, as its underlying cryptographic primitive.EAPOL-Key Handshake Authentication ProtocolEAPOL-Key Handshaking Authentication Protocol (EAPOL-Key/HAP) is a method of authentication between two devices using IEEE 802.1X/IEEE 802.11i. In addition to providing authentication, EAPOL-Key/HAp provides confidentiality protection by encrypting traffic at Layer 2.IEEE 802.1xIEEE 802.1x is a set of standards for port-based network access control. IEEE 802.1X works with the existing IEEE 802 LAN/MAN interfaces, including Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, Fiber Distributed Data Interface, and ATM. IEEE 802.1w specifies how IEEE 802.1X is used to authenticate users to access wired networks.IEEE 802.11iIEEE 802.11n is a revision of the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless networking. It adds physical layer features such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technologies, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA). IEEE 802.11i defines mechanisms for secure management frames, data frames, and probe requests.PSKThe Point Sequence Key (PSK) is a simple symmetric key exchange protocol. It is commonly used in wireless local area networks (WLANs) where the transmitter and receiver share a single secret key. The PSK protocol requires no prearrangement of keys and does not require any special hardware. It is widely supported by many modern operating systems.















