Latanoprost
Brand Name: Xalatan
Generic Available
Common Dosage Forms:
Ophthalmic Solution: Each 2.5 mL dispenser bottle contains 0.005% latanoprost
FDA Indication/Dosages:
For the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: One drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Additional daily doses may decrease the intraocular pressure lowering effectiveness of the medication.
Monitor: IOP
Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics: Latanoprost is a prostanoid elective FP receptor agonist which is believed to reduce the intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Chemically latanoprost is a prostaglandin F-2-alpha analogue. It is absorbed through the cornea when it is hydrolyzed to the active acid form. Reduction of intraocular pressure starts 3-4 hours after administration with a maximum effect after 8-12 hours.
Drug Interactions: Latanoprost may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic agents to lower intraocular pressure. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least 5 minutes apart. Latanoprost should not be administered while wearing contact lenses. Lenses may be reinserted 15 minutes after administration.
Contraindications/Precautions: Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other ingredient in the formulation. A gradual and permanent change of iris color to brown may occur after several months to years. This is caused by increasing the number of melanosomes (pigment granules) in melanocytes. Heterochromia (different color for each eye) may result if the patient is using the drug in only one eye. The long-term effects of this change are unknown. Pregnancy Category C.
Adverse Effects: Blurred vision, burning/stinging, foreign body sensation, itching, and increased pigmentation of the iris.
Patient Consultation:
To instill: Lie down or tilt head backward and loop up (holding dropper above eye), drop solution inside lower lid, and make sure dropper does not come in contact with eye or fingers. Then release lid, keeping the eye open for at least one minute.
Wait at least 5 minutes before instilling other ophthalmic preparations.
Avoid squinting or closing of eyes tightly after instilling drops.
Do not discontinue therapy without first consulting physician.
Store unopened bottle in refrigerator. Once opened, store in a cool place away from light for up to 6 weeks.
If a dose is missed, skip it, and return to the normal dosing schedule.
Increased pigmentation of the iris may occur. Contact a physician if eye pigmentation changes.
Contact a physician if the above side effects are severe or persistent.
If an intercurrent ocular condition (e.g., trauma or infection) develops or the patients has ocular surgery, contact a physician to determine if they should continue the multidose container they are currently using.