The English Room

 Grammar Tips for Learning and Practicing English 

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12.1 Noun Clauses

Noun clauses can be the subject, object, object of preposition, complement, etc. 

The noun clauses in the following examples are in bold.

That the brothers are triplets is amazing. (Subject)

We don’t know what songs she often sings. (Object)

The book is about where the dinosaurs laid their eggs. (Object of preposition)

He is what we would call a misogynist. (Complement)

Learn More about Noun Clauses acting as Subj,Obj...  Here!! ;)

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12.Noun Clauses

A noun clause is a group of words that include a subject and a verb, and it functions as a noun. 

A noun clause is a subordinate clause, which means it is not a complete statement. 

Noun clauses usually begin with words such as  how, that, what, whatever, when, where, which, who, whoever, and why. 

The most common word among them is that. 

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😨….  Be careful what you wish for because you just might get it!! 😝

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Expressing wishes does not have to be complicated! 

This video shows you how to express wishes about the past, the present and the future. It also shows you an alternative expression for 'I wish'. :)

[papateachme]

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2nd conditional //// If I lived in Paris, I would.......

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11|Past Conditionals

IMPORTANT Used to

→ The form "used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. 

→ This form is commonly used in Past Real Conditional sentences to emphasize that something was a habit. 

Examples:

If I went to a friend's house for dinner, I used to take a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don't do that anymore.

A: What did you usually do when it rained? B: I used to stay at home.

Learn more about Past Contidional Here!!

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10.2|Present Conditionals

EXCEPTION Conditional with Modal Verbs

There are some special conditional forms for modal verbs in English:

would + can = could

would + shall = should

would + may = might

→ The words "can," "shall" and "may" cannot be used with "would". Instead, they must be used in these special forms.

Examples:

If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. Not Correct

If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. Correct

→ The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would".

Examples:

If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. Not Correct

If I had more time, I could exercise after work. Correct

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10.1|Present Conditionals

IMPORTANT Only use "If"

Only the word "if" is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.

Examples:

I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. Not Correct

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. Correct

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Would you?! ;)

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10|Present Conditionals

EXCEPTION If I were ...

In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.

Examples:

If he were French, he would live in Paris.

I would play basketball if I were taller.

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.

I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. Not Correct (But often said in conversation.)

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Which conditional form should you use?

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9|Contidional

 Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. 

Read more about:

→ how to use the zero conditional!!

→ how to use the type 1 conditional!! 

→ how to use the type 2 conditional with the present conditional 

→ how to use the present continuous conditional in type 2 conditional sentence. 

→ how to use the type 3 conditional  with the perfect conditional tense

→ how to use the perfect continuous conditional in type 3 conditional sentences. 

→ how to use the mixed conditional!!

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8|Relative Clauses:Where,when, why

We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and prepositions.

I live in a city. I study in the city. → I live in the city where I study.

The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar. → The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.

The summer was long and hot. I graduated from university in the summer. → The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.

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7|Prepositions and Relative Clauses

If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we put it at the end of the clause:

For example:

listen to

The music is good. Julie listens to the music. → The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

work with

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman. → My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with.

go to

The country is very hot. He went to the country. → The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.

come from

I visited the city. John comes from the city. → I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.

apply for

The job is well paid. She applied for the job. → The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

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Review about Relative Clauses! Teacher Einstein! :D

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6| Non-defining Relative Clauses

Gives us extra information about something. We don't need this information to understand the sentence.

I live in London, which has some fantastic buildings. → (Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has some fantastic buildings' is extra information).

Learn more about using non-defining relative clauses correctly!!

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Oops!! XD ..... Don’t Forget that those two little commas separating the relative clausecan be very important!! ;)

Practice here to identify  Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses!