In light of today's news that Margaret Thatcher passed away, social media and news outlets have been spun into a frenzy of commentary, oscillating between comparisons between contemporary Conservative austerity measures and Thatcherite milk-snatching, outrage at the idea of a state funeral, all the way to utter despair and mourning of one of the United Kingdom's most infamous Prime Ministers. We are republishing some of our favourite archive pieces from our Thatcher's Children issue in 2010 for those of you without a copy in hand…
Photography & words by Martin Shakeshaft
The 1984/85 Miners’ Strike started when the Conservative government, led by Margaret Thatcher, announced the closure of Cortonwood Colliery in Yorkshire. This was to be the first of 20 pit closures with the loss of 20,000 jobs. The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) responded by calling for a national strike.
The strike became one of the longest and bitterest industrial disputes in British history.
- 165,000 workers were involved
- 11,312 people were arrested
- 5,653 on trial
- 200 people in prison
- 960 sacked
- the dispute lasted a year
After 51 weeks on strike, a special delegate conference of the NUM voted by 98 to 91 votes to return to work. At the beginning of the dispute there were 170 deep working mines in the United Kingdom, there are now four.
After strikes in 1974 were seen to be responsible for the defeat of the previous Conservative administration, many accused Margaret Thatcher of engineering a battle to settle old scores. With the vanguard of the trade union movement, the NUM out of the way, she would then be free to introduce sweeping changes in employment legislation.
As a young photojournalist I concentrated on covering the effects of the dispute in South Wales. Initially most publications were looking for picket line images, but as the months went by I realised that it was important to portray the wider picture, looking at the effect that the dispute was having on community and family life. In many of the South Wales communities the whole economic prosperity of the area revolved around the pits. There were hardly any other industries in the area, so in the words of an often seen placard of the time ‘if you close a pit you close a community’.
Stepping aside from the rights and wrongs of the issue, even if you agreed with the premise, that there had to be big changes in the mining industry, the real issue was how these changes would be implemented and the prosperity and wellbeing of the communities protected. The reality was that pits were closed and communities left to fend, largely for themselves. A report by the Governments Coalfield Task Force in 1998 reported: …we have been left in no doubt about the scale of deprivation and decline. But what makes the coalfields special is the context in which this decline has taken place. They have a unique combination of concentrated joblessness, physical isolation, poor infrastructure and severe health problems.
Twenty-five years later we are still paying for the consequences of the government’s actions. After pit closures some of the miners never worked again and have been dependant on benefits ever since. Ironically in a world where energy reserves are becoming more and more valuable and scarce, years of coal reserves were left underground.
As an after note to the tale, one of the South Wales collieries, Tower was bought back by the miners after it was closed as being ‘uneconomic’. In the first year of operation they made four million pounds profit, before tax.
Originally published in Under the Influence #7, The Thatcher's Children issue (Spring/Summer 2010).