Unconscious Intelligence in Cybernetic Psychology (Henrik Hass and Torben Hansen, 2023)
"Feedback refers to a system of events around the discovery that the systemic entity constantly has to tell itself where it is in relation to its goal in order to know what to do, to move in the direction of its goal.
An example that inspired Wiener was the hand that reaches out to get hold of a thing – a pencil dropped on the floor.
The movement of the hand must be constantly regulated according to the knowledge of where the hand is in relation to the target.
This means that there must be a circling flow of information in the system for it to work. (…)
The concept of feedback, so common today, was revolutionary when it was launched in the 1940s.
Systems refer to themselves in order to correct themselves in their directed purpose and in order to maintain the optimal balanced state in relation to themselves. (…)
A central systems theory claim in cybernetic psychology is the perception of personality as a self-regulating, self-optimising and intelligent problem-solving information system.
The systems theory perspective is the aforementioned homeostasis, which denotes the system’s ability to regulate itself in order to obtain the optimal internal balance in relation to the stress and development opportunities in the surrounding environment. (…)
Today, the word cybernetics most likely calls to mind the increasingly all-encompassing world of information technology, the elements of which we refer to as cyber-this or cyber-that, such as the internet, nicknamed cyberspace, or the computer-enhanced human being, a cyborg.
But cybernetics, like systems theory, was originally thought of as an interdisciplinary meta-theory, and, for the English philosopher-anthropologist Gregory Bateson (1904–1980), cybernetics provided a possibility to describe the biosphere as basically communication structures.
A pine forest, according to Bateson, has a mental structure because it has communication.
Where a mechanistic biology would see the forest primarily as chemical mechanical processes, Bateson saw the forest as a system of mutual information exchanges in different reference structures which he called mind, a structure of consciousness, a work that has now been confirmed and widely extended by forest ecologist Suzanne Simard."
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