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Ferrous Ascorbate

What is Ferrous Ascorbate?

Ferrous Ascorbate is a result of the reaction of Ascorbate Acid with Iron. Iron is absorbed without any difficulty in the presence of Ascorbic Acid as it converts Ferric Iron into Ferrous Iron. At the neutral pH level, the Ferrous form of Iron is highly soluble and can be absorbed three times higher than the Ferric form. Ferrous Ascorbate safely exists inside our gastrointestinal tract due to the stable chelation of Ascorbate acid with Iron.

Why Ferrous Ascorbate is better than other Iron salts?

Ferrous Ascorbate is better due to fewer gastrointestinal side effects and is readily absorbed than other Iron salts like Ferrous Sulphate. This makes Ferrous Ascorbate a preferred choice to cure the iron deficiency in the blood. Ferrous Ascorbate is also used as an immunity enhancer.

Uses of Ferrous Ascorbate

Ferrous Ascorbate is used to treat Iron deficiency-related hemoglobin disorders. Ferrous Ascorbate with Folic Acid drugs is given to women during pregnancy because it helps the growth of the brain and spinal cord development of the foetus.

Ferrous Ascorbate is a drug prescribed as an Iron supplement to treat or avoid low Iron levels in our blood. The absorption of Iron from our stomach is increased by Ascorbic Acid commonly known as Vitamic C. When the Iron is taken from the diet isn’t enough then generally Ferrous Ascorbate is given. This medication is also given to treat anemia due to chronic kidney failure.

Ferrous Ascorbate acts as a catalyst that stimulates the transport & use of oxygen. It also helps to grow red blood cell production and hemoglobin production.

Acceptance in Indian Pharmacopoeia

Due to the overwhelming usage and acceptability of Ferrous Ascorbate in the Indian Pharma market, the Government of India Department of Health and Family Welfare has decided to include this product under IP.

The same will be implemented from the 1st of Jan 2022.

Availability of Ferrous Ascorbate

Ferrous Ascorbate is available as powdered grade & DC Grade/Compacted.

West Bengal Chemical Industries Limited can also comply with any specific customer requirement. The appearance of the most accepted form of Ferrous Ascorbate API is blackish free-flowing powder.

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Ferric Ammonium Citrate

Ferric ammonium citrate is a compound having yellowish brown to solid red with a weak smell of alkali. This is a solvent in water. The peril is the danger to the climate, which is an essential risk. On the off chance that it spreads in the environment, the first and prompt step is to restrict its spread.

Utilization of Ferric Ammonium Citrate

It is generally utilized in medication, to make plans, and as a feed-additive.

Ferric Ammonium Citrate in treatment

It is utilized in treating paleness, hypochromic, pregnancy complications, and hematologic.

Ferric Ammonium Citrate is utilized to forestall

It forestalls iron inadequacy and amenia.

There might be different purposes of this drug. You should ask your drug specialist or specialist for more data.

You can purchase Ferric ammonium citrate from WBCIL (West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd) as a spray-dried homogeneous powder.

USP: Transparent, flimsy, garnet red scales or earthy yellow red powder, impacted by light.

Pressing Size - 25 kg in HDPE pack/drum

Safeguards: Keep Well Closed, and safeguarded against light, dry, and at room temperature.

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Ferric Ammonium Citrate

Ferric ammonium citrate is a compound having yellowish brown to solid red with a weak smell of alkali. This is a solvent in water. The peril is the danger to the climate, which is an essential risk. On the off chance that it spreads in the environment, the first and prompt step is to restrict its spread.

Utilization of Ferric Ammonium Citrate

It is generally utilized in medication, to make plans, and as a feed-additive.

Ferric Ammonium Citrate in treatment

It is utilized in treating paleness, hypochromic, pregnancy complications, and hematologic.

Ferric Ammonium Citrate is utilized to forestall

It forestalls iron inadequacy and amenia.

There might be different purposes of this drug. You should ask your drug specialist or specialist for more data.

You can purchase Ferric ammonium citrate from WBCIL (West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd) as a spray-dried homogeneous powder.

USP: Transparent, flimsy, garnet red scales or earthy yellow red powder, impacted by light.

Pressing Size - 25 kg in HDPE pack/drum

Safeguards: Keep Well Closed, and safeguarded against light, dry, and at room temperature.

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Nicorandil – Treatment & Side Effects

Nicorandil a drug called vasodilatory and is used in treating angina.

What is Angina?

It is a chest pain that come from episodes of transient myocardial ischemia. The causes are diseases such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and aortic stenosis. Angina is commonly come from vasospasm of the coronary arteries.

There are multiple mechanisms that cause the increased muscle contraction smoothly that involved in coronary vasospasm, that also includes increased Rho-Kinase activity.

The increased level of Rho-kinase can inhabit myosin phosphatase activity, that leads to increased calcium sensitivity.

Rho-kinase can decrease nitric oxide synthase activities that reduces nitric oxide concentrations. The lower levels of nitric oxide are found in spastic coronary arteries.

Side Effects

Side effects that are given by the British National Formulary including palpitations, flushing, weakness, and vomiting. Even ileal, perianal, and peristomal ulceration are reported as the side effects of taking Nicorandil. Other side effects include nasal congestion and toothache.

Use of Nicorandil

It is an anti-angina medication and it comes with the dual properties of nitrate.

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Treat low folate levels with L-Methyl folate

L-Methyl folate is used in treating low folate levels in the patient’s body. Certain types of anemia are more common in people who have low folate levels.

Why folate levels go down?

Some of the conditions that cause low folate levels are pregnancy, poor diet, too much of alcohol consumption, some stomach or intestinal problems, liver problems, and even kidney dialysis.

Women who are going through their childbearing age must get enough amount of folic acid through diet or supplements. It prevents spinal cord birth defects of their infants.

How to use L-Methyl folate

As directed by your doctor, take the product orally with food or without food mostly one time daily. When buying the over-the-counter product, you should follow all the directions written on the package of the product.

If you have any doubt, please ask your pharmacist or doctor.

It is recommended to consume dosage based on the medical condition. Do not increase the dose or irregularly take your medicine if not directed.

Be regular in taking this product to get the most benefit. You can take it at the same time everyday so that you do not forget. It is also advisable to stick to your diet plan recommended by your dietician.

If your condition does not improve or worsen then you must get immediate help from your doctor.

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Iron Isomaltoside vs Ferric Carboxymaltose in treating Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Risks of hypophosphatemia following iron replacement with iron isomaltoside vs ferric carboxymaltose:

There are randomized trials twice on 245 patients in total.  In trial A: number = 123 & in trial B: number = 122 suffering from iron-deficiency anemia (either intolerant to or unresponsive to oral iron). It was found that the incidence of hypophosphatemia with iron-isomaltoside, when compared with ferric carboxymaltose was 7.9% vs 75% in the trial A and 8.1% vs 73.7% in trial B for over 35 days. 

The differences were statistically important. 

The Conclusion: We can thus say that iron isomaltoside when compared with ferric carboxymaltose resulted in lower incidence of hypophosphatemia. However, further research is required to determine the findings. 

How iron isomaltoside can treat anemia?

Iron-deficiency anemia is today’s global health issue. Iron isomaltoside 1000 now known as ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose are intravenous iron formulations developed to treat those who are suffering from iron-deficiency anemia, especially in patients who do not tolerate or fail to respond to oral iron. 

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Uses of Ferric Orthophosphate

Ferric Orthophosphate is a useful mineral used in multiple different industries like food, pharma, farming, etc. It is added to nutritional supplements for treating anaemia commonly known as iron deficiency. Another name of Ferric Orthophosphate is Iron Phosphate (a phosphate is an anion, salt, useful gathering or ester got from a phosphoric corrosive. It most regularly implies orthophosphate, a subordinate of Orthophosphoric corrosive H. 3PO. 4.). Ferric Orthophosphate is also used in sports to enhance performance (It helps boosting the stamina of sportsmen)

Treatment of Anaemia

Anaemia is common among the women population due to their menstruation cycle. So they have to get iron from external sources. Iron is an important mineral in a human body. The mineral is found in the form of haemoglobin that helps red blood cells in carrying oxygen from lungs to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. The deficiency of iron possibly causes anaemia. Patients who are suffering from anaemia often feel fatigue because not enough amount of oxygen is supplied to their cells. People who are suffering from anaemia if do not get enough iron from their diet should take iron from supplements to get the mineral in their body.Ferric Orthophosphate is a very important iron supplement that is consumed to treat iron-deficiency anaemia. Ferric Orthophosphate as Performance Boosters To enhance the blood flow of a human body, Ferric Orthophosphate is usually added to the supplements. Companies use these sport enhancers to improve the oxygen level during the movement like heavy exercise, running, weight lifting, etc. It is also used for treating certain types of memory loss and learning issues in children suffering from low iron levels. There is no solid proof that Ferric Orthophosphate is useful in treating problems that are related to non-iron like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Other Uses of Ferric Orthophosphate

Ferric Orthophosphate is a vital substance in farming because it is used to kill slugs &and snails that are responsible for destroying crops. It has already been approved to use on organic crops because it is not harmful to pets, wildlife, and humans. In 2005, US Department of Agriculture added Ferric Orthophosphate to the National list of approved substances and to be used in the organic farming.

Buy Ferric Orthophosphate

West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd is a leading supplier of Ferric Orthophosphate in India and also exports to countries like Egypt, US, UAE, Bangladesh, etc. Buy Ferric Orthophosphate from WBCIL. The shelf life is 36 Months. Packing size: 25 kg in HDPE bag/drum.

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Study of Ferrous Asparto Glycinate

Iron Deficiency Anaemia in short known as IDA is a very common nutritional disorders worldwide. It is recorded that it is almost one-half of anaemia cases.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Iron Deficiency Anaemia with haemoglobin levels <11 g/dl, is one of the main causes of disability (UNU/UNICEF/WHO 2001).

There was a study in which it was noted how safe oral Ferrous Asparto Glycinate and Ferrous Ascorbate among pregnant women who are suffering with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA).  In the study, researchers gathered 73 pregnant women at 12 to 26 weeks’ gestation. The group of women were divided into two arms. Women in one group was given Ferrous Ascorbate whereas another group was treated with Ferrous Asparto Glycinate for a period of 28 days.  

On day 14 and 28, the mean rise in haemoglobin & Ferritin levels was evaluated. The study found that a significant higher levels of Ferritin and haemoglobin were found in the group who were treated with Ferrous Asparto Glycinate as compared to those treated with Ferrous Ascorbate. So it was concluded that Ferrous Asparto Glycinate is an effective iron amino acid chelate in managing IDA in pregnant women as compared with Ferrous Ascorbate. In spite of these findings, we need a large scale clinical trials are required to confirm the findings.

Ferrous Asparto Glycinate is Off white to light brown colour free flowing powder with occasional friable lumps. If you want to buy Ferrous Asparto Glycinate in a large quantity, then contact West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd. WBCIL is leading supplier of chemicals in India and exports to other countries.

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Uses & Importance of Ferric Orthophosphate

Ferric Orthophosphate is commonly known as Iron Phosphate (In chemistry, phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of Orthophosphoric acid H. 3PO. 4.).

Ferric Orthophosphate is an important mineral that is added to nutritional supplements for treating anaemia commonly known as iron deficiency.

This useful mineral has many different uses, especially in the food and pharma industries. It is also used in the sports industry as performance enhancers (It helps to improve the stamina of a sportsman/athletic)

Ferric Orthophosphate in treating Anaemia

Iron is one of the most important minerals in the human body. Iron in the form of haemoglobin helps red blood cells in carrying oxygen from your lungs to the cells and remove carbon dioxide from the human body.

The deficiency of iron is one of the leading causes of anaemia. Those who are suffering from anaemia often feel fatigued because not enough amount of oxygen is supplied to the patient’s cells.

Anaemia is very common among the women population due to their menstruation cycle. So they have to get the iron supplement from external sources.

People who are suffering from anaemia and cannot get enough iron in the diet must need to consume iron from food & supplement to get the mineral to their body. Ferric Orthophosphate is a very common iron supplement that is consumed to treat iron deficiency anaemia.

Those who are vegans, vegetarians, and others who do not eat meat or non-veg products often suffer from anaemia because non-veg food items are a great source of large amounts of iron mineral. Anaemia patients may have kidney disease, cancer, or a genetic condition that affects the formation of red blood cells.

Ferric Orthophosphate and Performance

Ferric Orthophosphate is commonly added to supplements and powders for enhancing blood flow. This blood flow improves the oxygen movement for sportsmen during exercise, weight-lifting, and competition in sports.

It is also used in treating certain types of memory loss and learning issues among kids suffering from low iron levels. There is no such evidence that Ferric Orthophosphate is useful in treating problems that are related to non-iron like ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Other Uses of Ferric Orthophosphate

Ferric Orthophosphate is an important substance in farming because it can be used to kill slugs and snails that are responsible for destroying crops. Therefore, it was approved for use on organic crops because it is not harmful to pets, wildlife, and humans.

In the year 2005, the US Department of Agriculture added Ferric Orthophosphate to the National list of approved substances and to be used in organic farming.

West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd is a leading manufacturer of Ferric Orthophosphate in India and also exports to countries like Egypt, US, UAE, Bangladesh, etc.

Buy Ferric Orthophosphate from WBCIL. The shelf life is 36 Months. Packing size: 25 kg in HDPE bag/drum.

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The importance of Ferric Citrate

The substance is water-soluble. It has multiple uses, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.  However, there is always a threat to the environment if it spreads. 

Ferric citrate is available on our WBCIL website. You can order easily. It is available as powder & DC grade. ASA and IDR checked. It has a great phosphate binding capacity. 

Use of Ferric Citrate in Medicine:

Ferric citrate holds iron which helps to bind the phosphates we take through our food. It helps us absorb some phosphates. 

This is an important substance that lowers the amount of phosphorus ( a mineral) in our body. 

Adults who are on dialysis can greatly benefit from ferric citrate as it is used to control phosphorus levels. So we can say that people with chronic kidney disease can leverage this.

It can also benefit those adults who are suffering from anemia deficiency with chronic kidney disease but aren’t on dialysis.

Note that you must keep this medicine out of reach of kids. Ferric citrate can be fatal for a child if you overdose.

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  A human body requires multiple types of minerals also known as essential minerals . These minerals are often divided into major minerals (

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Importance of Minerals in Body

A human body requires multiple types of minerals also known as essential minerals. These minerals are often divided into major minerals (macro minerals) and trace minerals (micro minerals). Trace minerals are required in smaller amounts than major minerals. However, both of these two groups of minerals are equally important. A balanced diet can provide all of the essential minerals for our body. In this article, we have discussed some of the minerals and their importance in the functioning of our body.

Calcium

Calcium is a vital mineral found mostly in our bones. We mostly get this mineral from many foods. Our body requires calcium to maintain strong bones and to carry out important functions. Most of the calcium mineral is stored in our bones & teeth.

Calcium is helpful in supporting the hardness and structure. For muscle movement, calcium plays an important role. It also helps our nerves to carry messages between our brain and all the body parts.

Types of Calcium:

·         1. Calcium Citrate- Calcium Citrate is usually used as a food addictive, preservative, and to add flavor. It is actually the calcium salt of citric acid. Calcium Citrate is used as medications to treat or prevent low blood calcium levels in those who do not get enough amount of calcium from their diets. Low levels of Calcium Citrate can cause rickets, osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, and latent tetany.

·         2. Calcium Citrate Malate- Calcium Citrate Malate is water-soluble and a supplement. This is a calcium salt of citric acid & malic acid with variable composition. When the mineral is dissolved, it releases calcium ions and a calcium citrate complex. Calcium ions get absorbed directly into intestinal cells. The citrate complex enters our body through the para-cellular absorption.

However, Calcium Citrate Malate is different from Calcium Malate and any other calcium salts. According to European Food Safety Authority calcium citrate malate is slightly more bioavailable than other forms of supplements containing calcium.

·         3. Calcium Acetate- Calcium Acetate is a chemical compound that is a calcium salt of acetic acid (Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid). Calcium Acetate has the formula Ca(C2H3O2)2. The systematic name of Calcium Acetate is Calcium ethanoate and its older name is acetate of lime. Calcium Acetate is prepared by soaking calcium carbonate or hydrated lime in vinegar.

·         4. Calcium Aspartate- Calcium Aspartate has high absorption rate in comparison to other types of calcium. The API form of Calcium Aspartate available is white crystalline powder. You can get Calcium Aspartate as API from West Bengal Chemical Industries Limited (a leading chemical API manufacturing company in India)

·         5. Calcium Asparto Glycinate- Calcium Asparto Glycinate is used in medicines that support the functioning of your body tissues. It is also used in supplements to support our muscles, nerves, and all the connective tissues.

·         6. Calcium Propionate- This mineral is an organic salt used as Food Addictive. Calcium propionate is used to preserve foods, generally baked goods, by interfering with the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, such as bacteria, moulds, and fungi.

Iron:

It is an important element for the production of blood in your body. Around 70% of our body iron is found in the red blood cells called haemoglobin and in muscle cells called Myoglobin. There are different sources from which you can get iron. Our main sources of iron are from our diet but if someone doesn’t get enough iron then supplement is recommended.

Different types of Iron:

·         1. Iron Isomaltoside-Patients with CKD suffer from iron deficiency anaemia need treatment with intravenous iron. Oral iron is not sufficient in these patients and IV supplementation is a more effective treatment. The new IV iron, iron Isomaltoside 1000, is composed of iron and chemically modified Isomalto-oligosaccharides which have a mean molecular weight of 1000 Da & consist predominantly of 3 to 5 glucose units. Buy Iron Isomaltoside as API from West Bengal Chemical Ltd. The appearance of Iron Isomaltoside is deep brown free flowing powder.

·         2. Ferrous Asparto Glycinate-Ferrous Asparto Glycinate is used in multivitamins and fatty acid product for preventing and treating vitamin deficiency before, during, and after pregnancy. It is available as API powdered form at West Bengal Chemical Industries Limited. The appearance is off white to light brown colour with occasional friable lumps.

·         3. Ferric Orthophosphate-Ferric Orthophosphate is widely used in the food industry for preparing supplements. It is also used in farming as harmless pesticides (Snail Bait). You can buy Ferric Orthophosphate from West Bengal Chemical Industries Limited as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient form.

·         4. Ferric Ammonium Citrate-The molecular formula of Ferric Ammonium Citrate is C6H5+4yFexNyO7. You can order FAC from West Bengal Chemical Limited. The USP of Ferric Ammonium Citrate is thin, transparent, garnet red scales or granules or brownish-yellow red powder, deliquescent. It is affected by light.

·         5. Ferric Citrate-Ferric citrate contributes to the metabolism of iron by some organisms. Citrates, which are released by plant roots and by some microorganisms, can solubilize iron compounds in the soil, like Ferric Hydroxide reacts with Citrates to give form soluble complexes. You can order Ferric Citrate from WBCIL as active pharmaceutical Ingredients form. It is available in greenish brown to brown hygroscopic powder. The molecular formula of Ferric Citrate is C6H6FeO7

·         6. Iron (III) Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex-Iron (III) Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex in short Iron Polymaltose Complex is used to treat iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia. It belongs to the group of oral iron preparations.

·         7. Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate-Managing anaemia is a big concern for patients with CKD undergoing haemodialysis. Iron-replacement agents are a strategy for anaemia treatment for these patients. Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate, a novel iron-replacement agent, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2015 for use in adult patients receiving chronic haemodialysis.

·         8. Ferrous Ascorbate-Ferrous Ascorbate with folic acid are combined as dietary supplements that replenish our body’s reserves of essential nutrients. The molecular formula of Ferrous Ascorbate is C12H14FeO12.2H2O

·         9. Ferrous Bisglycinate- Ferrous Bisglycinate is an iron amino acid chelate. It is formed by the reaction of ferrous iron with 2 molecules of the amino acid glycine by a covalent bound in a process called chelation. Ferrous Bisglycinate has better patient compliance because of a fewer gastrointestinal tract side effects.

Zinc:

Zinc is an essential nutrient that helps us stay healthy. It is found in cells in our body. Zinc is helpful in making our immune system stronger. We also require zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells. During childhood, infancy, and pregnancy, our body requires zinc to grow and develop properly. Zinc also helps wounds heal.

Types of Zinc:

·         1. Zinc Citrate- The molecular formula of Zinc Citrate is C12H10O14Zn3 Zinc citrate is a zinc salt of citric acid. It is usually available as dietary supplements to treat zinc deficiency and source of zinc, an essential trace element. Get Zinc Citrate from WBCIL which is available in odourless, white to off white granular powder.

·         2. Zinc Acetate- Zinc acetate is used in medicines to treat and prevent zinc deficiency. The molecular formula of Zinc Acetate is C4H6O4Zn • 2H2O

·         3. Zinc Aspartate- Zinc Aspartate is a chelated zinc supplement. It is a salt of zinc with the amino acid aspartic acid. Its molecular formula is C8H14N2O8Zn

·         4. Zinc Bisglycinate- Zinc Bisglycinate is used for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of osteoarthritis (protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wear down over time).

Buy Zinc Bisglycinate as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) form from WBCIL Kolkata. It is available in white free-flowing powder.

Magnesium:

Magnesium is an important nutrient that our body requires to stay healthy. Magnesium is vital for multiple functioning in our body, including regular muscle and nerve function, blood sugar levels, and BP and even making protein, DNA, and bone.

Types of Magnesium:

·         1. Magnesium Acetate- It appears as white hygroscopic crystals. It is soluble in water and smells like acetic acid. When it is in an aqueous solution, its pH will be on the alkaline side of neutral.

·         2. Magnesium Citrate- Magnesium citrate is used medicinally as a saline laxative and to empty the bowel prior to colonoscopy or a major surgery. It is available without a prescription, both as a generic and under various brand names.

You can order Magnesium Citrate as API from WBCIL Kolkata, a leading active pharmaceutical ingredients manufacturing company with over 55 years of experience. It is available in white free flowing API form.

·         3. Magnesium Aspartate- Magnesium Aspartate is magnesium salt of aspartic acid usually used as a mineral supplement. It has higher water solubility if compared with other magnesium salts such as magnesium carbonate, magnesium citrate, and magnesium oxide.

·         4. Magnesium Bisglycinate- It is used in medicines to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in our blood. Magnesium Bisglycinate is also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid like heartburn, stomach upset, and acid indigestion.

Potassium:

Our body requires potassium mineral to work properly. It is a kind of electrolyte. Potassium is helpful in the functioning of our nerves and muscles to contract. It keeps our heart to beat regularly. It is also required to move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to offset some of sodium’s harmful effects on blood pressure.

Types of Potassium:

·         1. Potassium Acetate- Potassium acetate (CH3COOK) is the potassium salt of acetic acid. It is a hygroscopic solid under room temperature. The molecular formula of Potassium Acetate is C2H3KO2 West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd is a leading manufacturer of Potassium Acetate in India.

·         2. Potassium Citrate- The molecular formula of Potassium Citrate is C6H5K3O7, H2O Potassium citrate (also known as Tri-Potassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid.

·         3. Potassium Bisglycinate- The molecular formula of Potassium Bisglycinate is C2H4KNO2 West Bengal Chemical Industries Ltd is a leading manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of Potassium Bisglycinate in India.

Copper:

Copper is a vital trace mineral required for our survival. Copper is found in all of our body tissues and play an important role in making red blood cells. It helps maintaining our nerve cells and immune system. It also absorbs iron, form collagen, and helps producing energy.

In the human body, copper is found in the brain, liver, heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. Too much or too little amount of copper can adversely affect our brain functioning. However, the deficiency is rare but it can lead to cardiovascular disease and other problems.

Types of Copper:

·         1. Copper Bisglycinate- Copper Bisglycinate, an optimally absorbed Albion mineral chelate supports blood vessel, bone, heart, nerve, and skin health. The molecular formula of Copper Bisglycinate is C4H8CuN2O4

       2. Copper Propionate- Copper Propionate is available in different forms. It is used in different medicines. You can order Copper Propionate from West Bengal Chemical Industries, a limited company based in WB, India. It is available as API form. Appearance is green crystal powder with occasional friable lump.

Other Minerals:

·  

o    1. Sodium Butyrate- Sodium Butyrate is sodium salt of butyric acid. It has multiple effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, repression of gene expression, and induction of differentiation. It is available as white free flowing powder, with occasional friable lump.

o    2. Nicorandil- Nicorandil is a medicine used in preventing and treating chest pain caused by angina. Doctors usually prescribe Nicorandil when other heart medicines have no effect on patients.

o    3. L-Methyl folate- It is a form of vitamin B used to treat megaloblastic anemia, depression, and renal & hepatic impairment. L-Methyl folate is available at West Bengal Chemical Industries in API form.

Conclusion: Without these essential minerals, our human body cannot function properly. Mostly we get these minerals from our diet but sometimes we require taking them through supplements.

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Ferrous Ascorbate vs. Other Iron Salts

Introduction

WHO & UNICEF have recommended taking oral iron supplements for adolescents and young children in the countries where 40% of anaemia is prevalent in population. Most of the oral iron formulations are available in the form of ferrous sulphate as well as in the form of ferric compounds consisting of Iron Polymaltose complex.

These iron compounds differ in the bio-availability, safety, cost and side effects. Apart from the different chemical states of iron formulations available in the market, they also exist in different genic forms.

Clinically, iron salts that are bivalent like Ferrous Sulphate, Ferrous Fumarate and Ferrous Gluconate are widely used than the ferric iron forms. The bio-availability of ferric forms of iron is 3-4 times less than the ferrous forms (10 to 15% bio-availability).

Ferric forms of iron are poorly soluble in alkaline solutions and hence they have to be transformed into ferrous forms before they are absorbed.

Oral iron preparations have followed the conventional ‘prolonged-release’ formulation, which improves the toleration capacity of the gastrointestinal tract and enhances the bio-availability. After the ferrous form absorption, iron reaches its maximum in the blood for about 7 hours and stays in that state for 24 hours.

Advantages of Ferrous Ascorbate

Ferrous Ascorbate results from the reaction of Ascorbic Acid with Iron. Iron is absorbed very well in the presence of ascorbic acid, as this compound is known to convert ferric iron into ferrous iron.

1. Ferrous form of iron is soluble at neutral pH and can be absorbed three times higher than the ferric form. Oxidation is prevented by Ascorbic acid, which can thus act as reducing agent as well as maintain the iron in ferrous form.

2. Ferrous Ascorbate is known to exist intact inside the gastrointestinal tract due to the stable chelation of iron with ascorbate. This compound does not dissociate due to any of the food inhibitors.  Iron gets absorbed easily in vivo from Ferrous Ascorbate than from Ferrous Sulphate.

3. It is found that Ferrous Ascorbate dissociates in aqueous solution into ascorbate ion and ferrous ion where ascorbate ion acts as a monodentate. Ferrous Ascorbate is known to dissociate at pH5. At pH6 to 8, the solubility effect is enhanced by ascorbate, which is beneficial for the absorption of iron.

Study on Ferrous Ascorbate Formulations

A clinical study was conducted comparing the ferrous ascorbate formulation with that of ferrous sulphate in 18 healthy volunteers. The intestinal absorption was not different when measured after 21 days. But, haemoglobin content has come to baseline values in both the groups. Another study by the same research group was conducted in which the bio-availability of trivalent iron form (Ferric Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex) was compared with the bivalent form (Ferrous Ascorbate).

The iron absorption in the intestines was evaluated in the fasting state by the estimation of plasma iron tolerance curves and whole body iron retention values. The estimation of plasma iron showed lower Fe (III) content (1.2+/-0.1percent) compared to 43.7+/-7.1percent of Ferrous Ascorbate. After taking a meal, there was a change in divalent iron absorption than the trivalent iron absorption.

The increase in haemoglobin levels after prescribing 100mg dosage of iron for 28 days was higher in the case of divalent formulations than that of the trivalent formulations. A few other similar studies have proved that divalent form of iron or Ferrous Ascorbate has greater bio-availability than the trivalent form of iron. Hence, ferrous salts and especially Ferrous Ascorbate is chosen over other iron forms for preparing the drugs as they are efficient, cost effective and have tolerability.

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Importance of chelated minerals in nutraceutical Industries.

Chelated Minerals

Chelated minerals are specially formulated mineral supplements designed to improve absorption of these essential nutrients into the body. What makes a mineral a chelated compound is the bonding of the mineral to nitrogen and the ligand that surrounds the mineral and protects it from interacting with other compounds. Although chelated minerals are believed to be better absorbed within the body.

Minerals participate in the chemical reactions that occur inside the body. These nutrients may work as cofactors or helpers. As cofactors, minerals help enzymes function properly. Minerals may also work as catalysts to initiate and speed up these enzymatic reactions.

Minerals are the electrolytes that the body needs to maintain normal body fluids and the acid-base balance. As electrolytes, minerals act as stop gates to control nerve signal movements throughout the body. Because nerves control muscle movements, minerals also regulate muscle contraction and relaxation.

Implementation in nutraceutical industries.

Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in our modern lifestyle, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. There is a demand for feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of normal physiological functions and in protecting us against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.

Case Studies

There is some early evidence suggesting that some cases of bipolar disorder may be stabilized with a chelated mineral supplement. A research study that meets generally accepted scientific standards is currently underway in adults with bipolar disorder, vegans, blood donors, pregnant women, and certain other populations may benefit from regularly supplementing with Chelated minerals. Chelated minerals are often touted as having better absorption than non-chelated ones. Several studies have compared the absorption of the two. For example:

A study in 15 adults found that chelated zinc salts was absorbed around 11% more effectively than non-chelated zinc salts.

·          Similarly, a study in 30 adults noted that chelated Magnesium salts raises blood magnesium levels significantly more than magnesium salts.

·         in a study in 300 infants, giving 0.34 mg per pound of body weight (0.75 mg per kg) of iron bisglycinate (chelated) daily raised blood iron levels to levels similar to those caused by 4 times that amount of iron sulfate (non-chelated).

The appropriate dose of chelated minerals varies with each specific mineral and depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for chelated minerals. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

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Ferric Pyrophosphate _ Uses in Rice Fortification

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